Leadership Experience.We believe that directors who have held significant leadership positions over extended periods of time provide our company with special insights.
Industry Knowledge.We seek directors with substantive knowledge of the healthcare and biotechnology industries to successfully advise and oversee the strategic development and direction of our company.
Financial Expertise.We believe that an understanding of finance is important for members of our board, and our budgeting processes and financial and strategic transactions require our directors to be financially knowledgeable.
International Perspective. We have significant operations outside the United States and value directors with experience in the operation of complex multinational organizations.
Public Policy and Regulation. We operate in a highly-regulated industry and seek directors who have experience in public policy and the regulation of medicines.
Academic Experience or Technological Background.As a biotechnology company that seeks to develop transformative medicines for patients with serious diseases, we look for directors with backgrounds in academia, science and technology and, in particular, the research and development of pharmaceutical products.
Commitment to Company Values and Goals.We seek directors who are committed to our company and its values and goals and who value the contributions that can be provided by individuals who believe in our company and its prospects for success.
Independence	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	Y	Y	Y
Age	51	58	64	65	47	54	64	60	55	60
Tenure on Board	4	1	2	8	0	7	10	8	0	21
Gender	F	M	M	M	F	M	M	F	F	M
Ethnic or Racial Diversity

Specifically, our continuing directors and our director nominees have the following background and experience: 

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Back to Contents

Leadership

Industry Knowledge

Finance Expertise

International Perspective

Public Policy/ Regulation

Academia/ Technology

Values

Sangeeta Bhatia

Alan Garber

Terrence C. Kearney

Yuchun Lee

Jeffrey M. Leiden

Margaret G. McGlynn

Bruce I. Sachs

Elaine S. Ullian

William D. Young

Below we highlight the composition of our continuing directors and our director nominees.

Shareholder-Recommended Director Candidates

The corporate governance and nominating committee will consider director candidates recommended by shareholders using the same criteria for director selection described above underDirector Criteria, Qualifications and Experience; Diversity. Shareholders recommending candidates for consideration should submit any pertinent information regarding the candidate, including biographical information and a statement by the proposed candidate that he or she is willing to serve if nominated and elected, by mail to our corporate secretary at our offices at 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210. If a shareholder wishes to nominate a candidate to be considered for election as a director at the 20192021 annual meeting of shareholders using the procedures set forth in our by-laws, the shareholder must follow the procedures described inOther Information—Shareholder Proposals for the 20192021 Annual Meeting and Nominations for Directoron page 8379 of this proxy statement.

Our by-laws provide for proxy access, a process that allows qualifying shareholders to nominate a director candidate for consideration at an annual meeting of shareholders and have such candidate be included in our proxy materials for the applicable shareholder meeting. The key elements of our proxy access by-law are as follows:

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The above table is only a summary of our proxy access by-law and is qualified in its entirety by our by-laws, which is set forth in Exhibit 3.1 of a Quarterly Report that we filed with the SEC on July 28, 2017.by-laws. A shareholder who wishes to nominate a proxy access nominee to be considered for election as a director at the 20192021 annual meeting of shareholders must follow the procedures set forth in our by-laws as well as those described inOther Information—Shareholder Proposals for the 20192021 Annual Meeting and Nominations for Directoron page 8379 of this proxy statement.

Majority Vote Standard

Our by-laws provide for a majority vote standard for uncontested elections of our directors. Under our by-laws, director nominees in an uncontested election who receive more votes cast “for” such director nominee than “against” such director nominee are elected. Our board’s policy is that any nominee for director in an uncontested election who receives a greater number of votes “against” than votes “for” the nominee’s election shall promptly tender his or her resignation to the chair of our board following certification of the shareholder vote. Our corporate governance and nominating committee will promptly consider the tendered resignation. Based on all factors it deems in its discretion to be relevant, the committee will recommend that our board either accept or reject the resignation and may recommend that the board adopt measures designed to address any issues perceived to underlie the election results. Our board will then act on the corporate governance and nominating committee’s recommendation. We will promptly disclose our board’s decision, including, if applicable, the reasons for rejecting the tendered resignation. Any director whose resignation is being considered under this policy will not participate in the corporate governance and nominating committee or board considerations, recommendations or actions with respect to the tendered resignation.

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Director Nominees

Class II Directors— Present Terms Expiring in 2018 and Proposed Terms to Expire in 2019

Sangeeta N. Bhatia M.D., Ph.D.
Age: 51
Age: 49	Committee Assignments:
Director Since: 2015		Chair – Science and Technology Committee
		Member– Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee

Dr. Bhatia is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT, where she currently serves as the John J. and Dorothy Wilson Professor of Health Sciences & Technology/Electrical Engineering & Computer Science. In 2018, Dr. Bhatia was on sabbatical from MIT while she served as a co-founder of Glympse Bio, a private company focused on developing in vivo sensing technology dedicated to disease monitoring. Prior to joining the Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMIT in 2005, Dr. Bhatia was a professor of bioengineering and medicine at the University of California at San Diego from 1998 through 2005. Dr. Bhatia also is an investigator for the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, a member of the Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, a member of the Broad Institute and a member of the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research. Dr. Bhatia holds ana Sc.B. in biomedical engineering from Brown University, an S.M. and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMIT and an M.D. from Harvard Medical School.

Skills and Qualifications:Dr. Bhatia is a leading academic scientist and medical researcher. Her extensive experience in the field of biomedical engineering and in-depth understanding on the use of advanced technologies in medical research provides valuable insights to our board of directors, including with respect to our key research and development initiatives.

Jeffrey M. Leiden, M.D., Ph.D.Lloyd Carney
Age: 58	Committee Assignments:
Director Since: 2019		Member – Audit and Finance Committee

Mr. Carney is the Chief Executive Officer of Carney Global Ventures, LLC, an early round investor, a position he has held since March 2007. Mr. Carney was the Chief Executive Officer of ChaSerg Technology Acquisition Corp., a technology acquisition company, from September 2018 until March 2020. He was the Chief Executive Officer of Brocade Communications Systems Inc., or Brocade, a global supplier of networking hardware and software, from January 2013 until November 2017, when it was acquired by Broadcom. Prior to Brocade, Mr. Carney served as Chief Executive Officer of Xsigo Systems, a cloud-based infrastructure solutions provider, until its acquisition by Oracle in 2012. He has also served as the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of Micromuse Inc., a software solutions provider for business and service assurance, until its acquisition by IBM. Earlier in his career he had held senior leadership roles at Juniper Networks, Inc., Nortel Networks Inc., and Bay Networks, Inc. Mr. Carney serves as a member on the Board of Directors of Visa Inc., Nuance Communications, Inc. and Grid Dynamics Holdings, Inc. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering Technology from Wentworth Institute of Technology, a Master of Science degree in Applied Business Management from Lesley College, and an Honorary Doctorate degree in Engineering from Wentworth Institute of Technology.

Skills and Qualifications:Mr. Carney brings strong business judgment, honed through his time as a senior executive and board member of multiple global technology companies, to our board of directors. Mr. Carney has extensive corporate leadership experience, including service as the CEO of several technology companies, as well as financial expertise.

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Alan Garber
Age: 6264	Committee Assignments:
Director Since: 20092017		Member – Science and Technology Committee
		Member – Audit and Finance Committee

Dr. Garber is Provost of Harvard University and the Mallinckrodt Professor of Health Care Policy at Harvard Medical School, a Professor of Economics in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Professor of Public Policy in the Harvard Kennedy School of Government, and Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management in the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. From 1998 until he joined Harvard in 2011, he was the Henry J. Kaiser Jr. Professor, a Professor of Medicine, and a Professor (by courtesy) of Economics, Health Research and Policy, and of Economics in the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University. Dr. Garber is a member of the National Academy of Medicine, the American Society of Clinical Investigation, the Association of American Physicians, and the American Academy for Arts and Sciences. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American College of Physicians, and the Royal College of Physicians. Dr. Garber is also a Research Associate with the National Bureau of Economic Research and served as founding Director of its Health Care Program for nineteen years. He also has served as a member of the National Advisory Council on Aging at the National Institutes of Health, as a member of the Board of Health Advisers of the Congressional Budget Office and as Chair of the Medicare Evidence Development and Coverage Advisory Committee at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Dr. Garber has been a member of the Board of Directors of Exelixis, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company, since 2005. Dr. Garber holds an A.B. summa cum laude, an A.M. and a Ph.D., all in Economics, from Harvard University, and an M.D. with research honors from Stanford University.

Skills and Qualifications:Dr. Garber brings extensive leadership experience and knowledge regarding science, medicine and the healthcare industry and in particular healthcare economics to our board of directors. The insights he has developed as an expert in health care policy and as an advisor to government agencies provides our board important perspectives on the issues facing our company.

Chairman, Terrence Kearney
Age: 65	Committee Assignments:
Director Since: 2011		Chair – Audit and Finance Committee
		Member – Management Development and Compensation Committee

Mr. Kearney served as the Chief Operating Officer of Hospira, Inc., a specialty pharmaceutical and medication delivery company, from April 2006 to January 2011. From April 2004 to April 2006, he served as Hospira’s Senior Vice President, Finance, and Chief Financial Officer, and he served as Acting Chief Financial Officer through August 2006. Mr. Kearney served as Vice President and Treasurer of Abbott Laboratories from 2001 to April 2004. From 1996 to 2001, Mr. Kearney was Divisional Vice President and Controller for Abbott’s International Division. Mr. Kearney serves as a member of the Board of Directors at Acceleron Pharma Inc., a biopharmaceutical company, since July 2014. He served as a member of the Board of Directors of Innoviva (formerly known as Theravance, Inc.), a royalty management company, from October 2014 through April 2016, and as member of the Board of Directors of AveXis, Inc., a gene therapy company, from January 2016 until its acquisition in May 2018. Mr. Kearney has been a member of the Board of Directors of Levo Therapeutics, Inc., a biotechnology company focused on developing treatments for Prader-Willi Syndrome, since 2018. He received his B.S. in biology from the University of Illinois and his M.B.A. from the University of Denver.

Skills and Qualifications:Mr. Kearney’s corporate leadership experience, industry knowledge and financial expertise make him a valuable contributor to our board of directors. He has a practical perspective on the management of global pharmaceutical operations, including commercial, manufacturing and research and development activities, and financial management strategies. He is an “audit committee financial expert” with particular experience in matters faced by the audit committee of a company with pharmaceutical product revenues and related expenses.

Reshma Kewalramani
Age: 47	Position:
Director Since: 2020		Chief Executive Officer and President

Dr. Kewalramani is our Chief Executive Officer and President and became a member of our Board of Directors on February 13, 2020. She was our Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer from April 2018 through March 2020. She was our Senior Vice President, Late Development from February 2017 until April 2018. From August 2004 to January 2017, she served in roles of increasing responsibility at Amgen Inc., most recently as Vice President, Global Clinical Development, Nephrology & Metabolic Therapeutic Area and as Vice President, U.S. Medical Organization. From 2014 through 2019, Dr. Kewalramani was the industry representative to the FDA’s Endocrine and Metabolic Drug Advisory Committee. She completed her internship and residency in Internal Medicine at the Massachusetts General Hospital and her fellowship in Nephrology at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital combined program. Dr. Kewalramani holds a B.A. from Boston University and an M.D. from Boston University School of Medicine. Dr. Kewalramani also completed the General Management Program at Harvard Business School and is an alumnus of the school.

Skills and Qualifications:Dr. Kewalramani has extensive industry knowledge and leadership experience due to her scientific and medical expertise, as well as her role as a global senior leader across multiple disease areas and all stages of drug development. She will provide our board of directors with in-depth knowledge of our company gained during her various senior management roles within Vertex and through the day-to-day leadership of our executives.

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Yuchun Lee
Age: 54	Committee Assignments:
Director Since: 2012		Member – Audit and Finance Committee
		Member – Management Development and Compensation Committee

Mr. Lee serves as an Executive in Residence of General Catalyst Partners, a venture capital firm, positions he has held since April of 2013. Mr. Lee also serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Allego, a technology company focused on modern sales learning and readiness, and is Executive Chairman of Clarabridge, Inc. Mr. Lee was the Vice President of IBM’s Enterprise Marketing Management Group from November 2010 through January 2013. Mr. Lee co-founded Unica Corporation, a provider of software and services used to automate marketing processes, in 1992, and was Unica’s President and/or Chief Executive Officer from 1992 through November 2010, when Unica was acquired by IBM. From 1989 to 1992, Mr. Lee was a senior consultant at Digital Equipment Corporation, a supplier of general computing technology and consulting services. Mr. Lee holds a B.S. and an M.S. in electrical engineering and computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an M.B.A. from Babson College.

Skills and Qualifications:Mr. Lee’s expertise in marketing processes and customer engagement and business and financial experience make him a valuable contributor to our board of directors. Mr. Lee is an innovator who founded and managed the growth of a successful technology company and gained further leadership experience while serving as an executive at IBM. Mr. Lee’s experiences outside of the biopharmaceutical sector provide the board with an important perspective on the issues facing the company.

Jeffrey Leiden
Age: 64	Position:
Director Since: 2009		Executive Chairman

Dr. Leiden isbecame our Executive Chairman Chief Executive Officer and President.in April 2020. He has held the positions ofwas our Chief Executive Officer and President since Februaryfrom 2012 after joining us as CEO Designee in December 2011.through March 2020. He has been a member of our Board of Directors since July 2009, the Chairman of our Board of Directors since May 2012, and served as our lead independent director from October 2010 through December 2011. Dr. Leiden was a Managing Director at Clarus Ventures, a life sciences venture capital firm, from 2006 through January 2012. Dr. Leiden was President and Chief Operating Officer of Abbott Laboratories, Pharmaceuticals Products Group, and a member of the Board of Directors of Abbott Laboratories from 2001 to 2006. From 1987 to 2000, Dr. Leiden held several academic appointments, including the Rawson Professor of Medicine and Pathology and Chief of Cardiology and Director of the Cardiovascular Research Institute at the University of Chicago, the Elkan R. Blout Professor of Biological Sciences at the Harvard School of Public Health, and Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. He is an elected member of both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. Dr. Leiden is a senior advisor to Clarus Ventures. Dr. Leiden serves as a director of Quest Diagnostics Inc., a medical diagnostics company, and Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, a mutualan insurance company. Dr. Leiden was a director and the non-executive Vice Chairman of the board of Shire plc, a specialty biopharmaceutical company, from 2006 to January 2012.2012, and a director of Quest Diagnostics, a medical diagnostics company, from December 2014 to May 2019. Dr. Leiden received his M.D., Ph.D. and B.A. degrees from the University of Chicago.

Skills and Qualifications:Dr. Leiden possesses strong leadership qualities, demonstrated through his service as a senior executive in the pharmaceutical industry and as a life sciences venture capitalist, and has extensive knowledge of the science underlying drug discovery and development through his experiences as a distinguished physician, scientist and teacher. As our former CEO and as a former senior executive at Abbott Laboratories he brings a global perspective to our business and public policy issues facing our company. He also provides our board of directors with in-depth knowledge of our company through the day-to-day leadership ofand guidance with respect to our executives.corporate strategy.

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Margaret McGlynn
Age: 60	Committee Assignments:
Director Since: 2011		Member – Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
		Member – Science and Technology Committee

Ms. McGlynn retired from Merck & Co. in 2009, where she served as President, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases and as President, Hospital and Specialty Products. During her 26-year career at Merck, she also held various leadership roles in the U.S. and globally in marketing, sales, managed care and business development. Following her retirement, Ms. McGlynn served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, a global not-for-profit organization whose mission is to ensure the development of safe, effective and accessible HIV vaccines for use throughout the world, from 2011 until 2015. Ms. McGlynn serves as a member of the Board of Directors for Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., a company specializing in gases and chemicals for industrial uses, and Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company. She is also a member of the National Industrial Advisory Committee at the University at Buffalo School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Ms. McGlynn holds a B.S. in Pharmacy and an M.B.A. in Marketing and an Honorary Doctorate from the State University of New York at Buffalo.

Skills and Qualifications:Ms. McGlynn’s leadership experience and industry knowledge make her a valuable contributor to our board of directors. Her service as an executive at Merck and her service on the board of Amicus Therapeutics and the board and audit committee of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. give her a practical understanding of organizational practices valuable to a company at our stage of growth. Her experience in the development and commercialization of products across several therapeutic areas, and in her board roles and advocacy in rare diseases, provides her with a valuable understanding of the scientific, public policy, regulatory and marketplace issues we face in the drug development and commercialization process.

Ms. McKenzie was the Chief Information Officer of Workday, Inc., a cloud-based financial and human capital management software company, from February 2016 until April 2019. From 2004 through February 2016, she held roles of increasing responsibility at Amgen Inc., a biotechnology company, most recently serving as Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer. Ms. McKenzie served for 17 years at Eli Lilly and Company, a pharmaceutical company, in various leadership roles, focused on drug development, reducing time to market and improving technology and security standards. She currently serves as a member on the Board of Directors of MetLife, Inc. and Change Healthcare Inc., and as a Special Advisor to Brighton Park Capital. Ms. McKenzie holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Information Systems from Purdue University and completed the Information Technology Management Program at University of California, Los Angeles.

Skills and Qualifications:Ms. McKenzie has corporate leadership experience and industry knowledge that will make her a valuable contributor to our board of directors. Her service as an executive and innovator in the biotechnology and technology industries and as a member of the board of directors of public companies involved in healthcare issues provide her with multiple perspectives on our industry. Ms. McKenzie is well-positioned to provide valuable guidance and support to our management and our board of directors.

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Bruce I. Sachs
Age: 60
Age: 58	Committee Assignments:
Director Since: 1998		Chair – Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
Lead Independent Director		Chair – Management Development and Compensation Committee
Co-lead Independent Director	Member – Audit and Finance Committee

Mr. Sachs is a General Partner at Charles River Ventures, a venture capital firm he joined in 1999. From 1998 to 1999, he served as Executive Vice President and General Manager of Ascend Communications, Inc. From 1997 until 1998, Mr. Sachs served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Stratus Computer, Inc. From 1995 to 1997, he served as Executive Vice President and General Manager of the Internet Telecom Business Group at Bay Networks, Inc. From 1993 to 1995, he served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Xylogics, Inc. Mr. Sachs holds a B.S.E.E. in electrical engineering from Bucknell University, an M.E.E. in electrical engineering from Cornell University, and an M.B.A. from Northeastern University.

Skills and Qualifications:Mr. Sachs brings strong business judgment, honed through his experience developing business strategy as a senior executive and in venture capital, to our board of directors. Mr. Sachs has a deep understanding of our business and the global business environment along with expertise in the technology that supports our infrastructure and operations. In addition, Mr. Sachs has extensive business leadership experience, including service as a CEO at a technology company, as well as financial expertise.

Board Recommendation

In each of the director nominee and continuing director biographies, we highlight the specific experience, qualifications, attributes, and skills that led the board of directors to conclude that the director nominee or continuing director should serve on our board at this time.

Our board of directors unanimously recommends that shareholdersyou voteFOReach of the nominees.

Continuing Directors

Class III Directors — Terms to Expire in 2019

Terrence C. Kearney
Age: 63	Committee Assignments:
Director Since: 2011	Chair – Audit and Finance Committee
	Member – Management Development and Compensation Committee

Mr. Kearney served as the Chief Operating Officer of Hospira, Inc., a specialty pharmaceutical and medication delivery company, from April 2006 to January 2011. From April 2004 to April 2006, he served as Hospira’s Senior Vice President, Finance, and Chief Financial Officer, and he served as Acting Chief Financial Officer through August 2006. Mr. Kearney served as Vice President and Treasurer of Abbott Laboratories from 2001 to April 2004. From 1996 to 2001, Mr. Kearney was Divisional Vice President and Controller for Abbott’s International Division. Mr. Kearney serves as a member of the Board of Directors at Acceleron Pharma Inc., a biopharmaceutical company, and AveXis, Inc., a gene therapy company, and served as a member of the Board of Directors at Innoviva, Inc. (formerly known as Theravance, Inc.), a royalty management company, until April 2016. He received his B.S. in biology from the University of Illinois and his M.B.A. from the University of Denver.

Skills and Qualifications:Mr. Kearney’s corporate leadership experience, industry knowledge and financial expertise make him a valuable contributor to our board of directors. He has a practical perspective on the management of global pharmaceutical operations, including commercial, manufacturing and research and development activities, and financial management strategies. He is an “audit committee financial expert” with particular experience in matters faced by the audit committee of a company with pharmaceutical product revenues and related expenses.

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Yuchun Lee
Age: 52	Committee Assignments:
Director Since: 2012	Member – Audit and Finance Committee
	Member – Science and Technology Committee

Mr. Lee is an Executive in Residence (XIR) and Partner of General Catalyst Partners, a venture capital firm, which he joined in April of 2013. Mr. Lee also serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Allego Inc. and Executive Chairman of Clarabridge. Mr. Lee was the Vice President of IBM’s Enterprise Marketing Management Group from November 2010 through January 2013. Mr. Lee co-founded Unica Corporation, a provider of software and services used to automate marketing processes, in 1992, and was Unica’s President and/or Chief Executive Officer from 1992 through November 2010, when Unica was acquired by IBM. From 1989 to 1992, Mr. Lee was a senior consultant at Digital Equipment Corporation, a supplier of general computing technology and consulting services. Mr. Lee holds a B.S. and an M.S. in electrical engineering and computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an M.B.A. from Babson College.

Skills and Qualifications:Mr. Lee’s expertise in marketing processes and customer engagement and business and financial experience make him a valuable contributor to our board of directors. Mr. Lee is an innovator who founded and managed the growth of a successful technology company and gained further leadership experience while serving as an executive at IBM. Mr. Lee’s experiences outside of the biopharmaceutical sector provide the board with an important perspective on the issues facing the company.

Elaine S. Ullian
Age: 70	Committee Assignments:
Director Since: 1997	Chair – Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
Co-lead Independent Director	Member – Management Development and Compensation Committee

Ms. Ullian served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Boston Medical Center, a private, not-for-profit, 626-bed, academic medical center with a community-based focus, from 1996 through January 2010. From 1994 to 1996, she served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Boston University Medical Center Hospital. From 1987 to 1994, Ms. Ullian served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Faulkner Hospital. She also serves as a director of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and Hologic, Inc. Ms. Ullian holds a B.A. in political science from Tufts University and an M.P.H. from the University of Michigan.

Skills and Qualifications:Ms. Ullian brings significant leadership experience acquired as the CEO of large health care providers to our board of directors. The knowledge she obtained serving as an executive, together with her extensive experience serving on the boards of directors of multiple public companies in the healthcare field, provide her with the expertise required to serve as one of our co-lead independent directors and as the chair of our corporate governance and nominating committee. She also provides the board with insight into public policy matters, including the perspective of providers, payors and patients, for whom our products are intended.

Class I Directors — Terms to Expire in 2020

Margaret G. McGlynn
Age: 58	Committee Assignments:
Director Since: 2011	Member – Science and Technology Committee
	Member – Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee

Ms. McGlynn served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, a global not-for-profit organization whose mission is to ensure the development of safe, effective and accessible HIV vaccines for use throughout the world, from July 2011 until September 2015. Ms. McGlynn served as President, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases of Merck & Co., Inc. from 2005 until 2009. Ms. McGlynn joined Merck in 1983 and served in a variety of marketing, sales and managed care roles. Ms. McGlynn serves as a member of the Board of Directors for Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., a company specializing in gases and chemicals for industrial uses, and Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company. She is also a member of the National Industrial Advisory Committee at the University at Buffalo School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Ms. McGlynn holds a B.S. in Pharmacy and an M.B.A. in Marketing from the State University of New York at Buffalo.

Skills and Qualifications:Ms. McGlynn’s leadership experience and industry knowledge make her a valuable contributor to our board of directors. Her service as an executive at Merck and her service on the board of Amicus Therapeutics and the board and audit committee of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. give her a practical understanding of organizational practices valuable to a company at our stage of growth. Her experience in the development and commercialization of products across several therapeutic areas, and in her board roles and advocacy in rare diseases, provides her with a valuable understanding of the scientific, public policy, regulatory and marketplace issues we face in the drug development and commercialization process.

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William D. Young
Age: 73	Committee Assignments:
Director Since: 2014	Member – Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
	Member – Management Development and Compensation Committee

Mr. Young is a Venture Partner at Clarus Ventures, a life sciences venture capital firm, which he joined in 2010. Prior to Clarus Ventures, Mr. Young served from 1999 until June 2009 as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Monogram Biosciences, Inc., a biotechnology company acquired by Laboratory Corporation of America in June 2009. From 1980 to 1999, Mr. Young was employed at Genentech, Inc. in positions of increasing responsibility, including as Chief Operating Officer from 1997 to 1999, where he was responsible for all product development, manufacturing and commercial functions. Prior to joining Genentech, Mr. Young was with Eli Lilly & Co. for 14 years. Mr. Young currently serves as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of NanoString Technologies, Inc., and as a member of the Board of Directors of Theravance BioPharma Inc. Mr. Young retired from BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.’s Board of Directors in November 2015 and from Biogen’s Board of Directors in June 2014. Mr. Young holds a B.S. in Chemical Engineering from Purdue University, an M.B.A. from Indiana University and an Honorary Doctorate in Engineering from Purdue University. Mr. Young was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1993 for his contributions to biotechnology.

Skills and Qualifications:Mr. Young is a valuable contributor to our board of directors due to the in-depth knowledge of the biotechnology industry that he acquired through his extensive experience as both a CEO and board member at numerous pharmaceutical and biotechnology organizations and as a venture capitalist focused on the life sciences industry. Mr. Young’s strong leadership qualities, global industry knowledge and financial expertise provide him with the background to work collaboratively with both management and fellow board members in order to address issues facing our company.

Alan Garber, M.D., Ph.D.
Age: 62	Committee Assignments:
Director Since: 2017	Member – Science and Technology Committee

Dr. Garber is Provost of Harvard University and the Mallinckrodt Professor of Health Care Policy at Harvard Medical School, a Professor of Economics in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Professor of Public Policy in the Harvard Kennedy School of Government, and Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management in the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. From 1998 until he joined Harvard in 2011, he was the Henry J. Kaiser Jr. Professor, a Professor of Medicine, and a Professor (by courtesy) of Economics, Health Research and Policy, and of Economics in the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University. Dr. Garber is a member of the National Academy of Medicine, the American Society of Clinical Investigation, the Association of American Physicians, the American Academy for Arts and Sciences, and the Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy at the National Academies. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American College of Physicians, and the Royal College of Physicians. Dr. Garber is also a Research Associate with the National Bureau of Economic Research and served as founding Director of its Health Care Program for nineteen years. He has also served as a member of the National Advisory Council on Aging at the National Institutes of Health, as a member of the Board of Health Advisers of the Congressional Budget Office and as Chair of the Medicare Evidence Development and Coverage Advisory Committee at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Dr. Garber has been a member of the Board of Directors of Exelixis, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company, since 2005. Dr. Garber holds an A.B. summa cum laude, an A.M. and a Ph.D., all in Economics, from Harvard University, and an M.D. with research honors from Stanford University.

Skills and Qualifications:Dr. Garber brings extensive leadership experience and knowledge regarding science, medicine and the healthcare industry and in particular healthcare economics to our board of directors. The insights he has developed as an expert in health care policy and as an advisor to government agencies provides our board important perspectives on the issues facing our company.

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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND RISK MANAGEMENT

We are committed to good corporate governance and integrity in our business dealings. Our governance practices are documented in our Statement of Corporate Governance Principles, which addresses the role and composition of our board of directors and the functioning of the board and its committees. You can find our governance documents, including our Statement of Corporate Governance Principles, charters for each committee of the board and our Code of Conduct, on our website www.vrtx.com under “Investors—Corporate Governance—Governance Documents.”

Independence, ChairExecutive Chairman and Co-leadLead Independent DirectorsDirector

Our board of directors has determined that eight of our nineten directors qualify as “independent” under the definition of that term adopted by The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, or NASDAQ. TheseNasdaq. Our independent directors includeare Dr. Bhatia, Mr. Carney, Dr. Garber, Mr. Kearney, Mr. Lee, Ms. McGlynn, Mr. Sachs Ms. Ullian and Mr. Young. Ms. McKenzie, if elected, will qualify as an independent director. Mr. Young is not seeking re-election at our 2020 annual meeting of shareholders. Our independent directors meet in executive session without management at each regularly scheduled board meeting.

Dr. Leiden, our president and chief executive officer, serves as the chairman of our board. Our employment agreement with Dr. Leiden provides that he will serve as the chairman of our board through March 31, 2020. In addition, we have two co-lead independent directors who are elected by the independent directors. Each of the board committees is chaired by onecomposed of independent directors.

Dr. Leiden, our executive chairman, was our chief executive officer and president through March 31, 2020 and is not considered an “independent” director. Dr. Kewalramani, our chief executive officer and president since April 1, 2020, is not considered an “independent” director. In his role as executive chairman, Dr. Leiden continues as an active member of our independent directors.leadership team and will continue as the chairman of our board.

Our board believes that strong, independent board leadership is a critical aspect of effective corporate governance, and ourgovernance. Our corporate governance principles require that if the chair is not an independent director, then the independent directors elect aone or more lead independent director.director(s). Since December 2011, Mr. Sachs and Ms. Ullian havehas served as our co-leada lead independent directors.director. We believe this structure provides our board independent leadership, while providing the benefit of having our former chief executive officer the individual with primary responsibility for managing our day-to-day operations, chair regular board meetings and our current chief executive officer participate in regular board meetings as we discuss key business and strategic issues.a director. Combined with the co-leadlead independent directorsdirector and experienced and independent committee chairs, thismembers, our board structure provides strong independent oversight of management.

Our co-leadlead independent directors’director’s responsibilities include:

	calling and leading regular and special meetings of the independent directors;
	serving as a liaison between our executive officers and the independent directors;
	reviewing the planned dates for regularly scheduled board meetings and the primary agenda items for each meeting; and
	reviewing with the chair of each board committee agenda items that fall within the scope of the responsibilities of that committee.

Board Committees

Our board of directors has established various committees, each of which has a written charter, to assist in discharging its duties: the audit and finance committee, or audit committee, the corporate governance and nominating committee,CGNC, the MDCC and the science and technology committee, or S&T committee. Each member of the audit committee, CGNC, MDCC and financeS&T committee corporate governance and nominating committee and MDCC is an independent director as that term is defined by the applicable SEC and NASDAQ.NASDAQ rules. The primary responsibilities of each of the committees are set forth below, and the committee memberships are provided in the table appearing on page 2426 of this proxy statement.

Each of the committees has the authority, as its members deem appropriate, to engage outside legal counsel or other experts or consultants in order to assist the committee in carrying out its responsibilities.

Risk Management

Our board of directors discharges its overall responsibility to oversee risk management with a focus on our most significant risks. We face considerable risk related to the commercialization of our approved products, including regulatory risk with respect to our promotional activities and competition from approved drugs and investigational drug candidates that may have product profiles superior to our approved products. We continue to invest significant resources in research programs, and clinical development programs and business development activities as part of our strategy to develop transformative medicines for patients with serious diseases. With respect to each of our drug development and commercialization programs, we face considerable risk that the program will not ultimately result in a commercially successful pharmaceutical product. Our board and its committees monitor and manage the strategic, compliance and operational risks related to KALYDECO, ORKAMBI, SYMDEKOour medicines and our research and development programs through regular board and committee discussions that include

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presentations to the board and its committees by our executive officersmanagement as well as during in-depth short- and long-term strategic reviews held at least annually.

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For certain specific risk types, our board has delegated oversight responsibility to board committees as follows:

	Our audit and finance committee oversees our policies and programs related to our financial and accounting systems, accounting policies and investment strategies, internal audit function and cybersecurity. The audit and finance committee also is responsible for addressing risks arising from related party transactions.
	Our MDCC oversees risks associated with our compensation policies, management resources and structure, and management development and selection processes.
	Our corporate governance and nominating committeeCGNC oversees risks related to the company’s governance structure.
	Our science and technologyS&T committee oversees risks related to our research and development investments.
	Our MDCC and corporate governance and nominating committeeCGNC work together to oversee succession planning, including planning related to our recent CEO succession planning.transition.

Code of Conduct

We have adopted a Code of Conduct that applies to all of our directors and employees, including our chief executive officer and chief financial and accounting officers. We routinely review our Code of Conduct and make updates, as necessary. Our Code of Conduct is available on our website www.vrtx.com under “Investors—Corporate Governance—Governance Documents.” Disclosure regarding any amendments to, or waivers from, provisions of the Code of Conduct that apply to our directors or principal executive, financial or accounting officers will be posted on our website or included in a Current Report on Form 8-K within four business days following the date of the amendment or waiver.

Board Attendance, Committee Meetings and Committee Membership

Director(1)		Independence		Board		Audit and Finance		Corporate Governance and Nominating		Management Development and Compensation		Science and Technology		2017 Attendance at Meetings(2)
Sangeeta N. Bhatia														91%
Alan Garber														100%
Terrence C. Kearney														100%
Yuchun Lee														96%
Jeffrey M. Leiden														100%
Margaret G. McGlynn											��			100%
Bruce I. Sachs														100%
Elaine S. Ullian														100%
William D. Young														91%
2017 Meetings				11		9		5		7		5

During 2019, our board of directors met ten times. Each of our incumbent directors attended at least 75% of the total meetings of the board and the board committees on which he or she served that were held during the time he or she was a director in 2019. Dr. Kewalramani joined our board in February 2020.

The following table sets information regarding the current membership of our board of directors.

Director(1)		Independence		Board		Audit Committee		CGNC		MDCC		S&T Committee		2019 Attendance at Meetings(2)
Sangeeta N. Bhatia														94%
Lloyd Carney														87%
Alan Garber														89%
Terrence C. Kearney														93%
Reshma Kewalramani														n/a
Yuchun Lee														100%
Jeffrey M. Leiden														100%
Margaret G. McGlynn														100%
Bruce I. Sachs														100%
William D. Young														96%
2019 Meetings				10		10		5		8		3

	= Member
	= Chair
	= Co-leadLead Independent Director
(1)	We encourage each of ourAll directors to attend shareholder meetings, and each of our directorsthen in office attended our 20172019 annual meeting of shareholders.shareholders meeting.
(2)	Includes meetings of the board of directors and meetings of each committee of the board while the director served on such committee. Mr. Carney joined our board in February 2019.

 

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Audit and Finance Committee

 

The primary purposes of the audit and finance committee are to:

 

	appoint, oversee and replace, if necessary, our independent registered public accounting firm;
	assist our board of directors in fulfilling its responsibility forboard’s oversight of our accounting and financial reporting processes;
	processes and audits of our financial statements;
	review and make recommendations to our board concerning our financial structure and financing strategy;
	oversee our policiespolices and programs and address risks related to our financial and accounting systems, accounting policies and cybersecurity programs;investment strategies, internal audit function and cybersecurity;
	address risks arising from related party transactions; and
	oversee our internal audit function.

 

Our independent registered public accounting firm reports directly to, and is held accountable by, our audit and finance committee in connection with the audit of our annual financial statements and related services.

 

Mr. Kearney, the chair of our audit and finance committee, is our “audit committee financial expert” as that term is defined in applicable rules and regulations of the SEC.SEC and is independent according to the applicable listing standards of Nasdaq. In addition, eachseveral of the other members of the audit and finance committee isare qualified to serve as an audit committee financial expert under the SEC’s rules.

SEC rules and regulations. The report of the audit and finance committee appears on page 4035 of this proxy statement.

 

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Our audit and finance committee reviews and, if appropriate, recommends for approval or ratification by our board, all transactions with related persons that are required to be disclosed by us pursuant to Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC, except for transactions, if any, related to the employment of executive officers, which would be recommended for approval by the MDCC. Our policies and procedures with respect to transactions with related persons are governed by our written Related Party Transaction Policy. Pursuant to this policy, related party transactions include transactions, arrangements or relationships in which our company is a participant, the amount involved exceeds $120,000, and one of our executive officers, directors, director nominees or 5% shareholders or their immediate family members, whom we refer to as related persons, has a direct or indirect material interest, except where disclosure of such transaction would not be required pursuant to Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K. As appropriate for the circumstances, our audit committee reviews and finance committee will review and considerconsiders the related person’s interest in the related party transaction and such other factors as it deems appropriate. Since January 1, 2017,In 2019, we have not entered into anyhad no transactions disclosableconsidered to be a related party transaction pursuant to Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K.

 

Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee

 

The corporate governance and nominating committee:primary purposes of the CGNC are to:

 

	assistsassist our board of directors in developing and implementing our corporate governance principles;
	recommends
	recommend the size and composition of our board and its committees;
	develops
	develop and recommendsrecommend to our board an annual self-evaluation process to assess the effectiveness of our board and its committees, and oversees this process;
	reviews and recommends, with the advice of the MDCC, non-employee director compensation on an annual basis;
	identifiesoversee risks related to the company’s governance structure;
	review and making recommendations with respect to our committee charters;
	identify and recommend to our board qualified individuals to become members of our board;
	recommends director nominations to the full board;for board membership; and
	assists
	assist the board in external recruiting and evaluating potential candidates for the CEO position.

 

Management Development and Compensation Committee

 

The primary purposes of the MDCC are to oversee the discharge of our board of directors’ responsibilities relating to:

 

	compensatingoversee and developingmake recommendations to the board regarding compensation and development of our executives (and assisting the corporate governance and nominating committee with respect to director compensation);executives;
	recommending
	recommend to ourthe board (i) ratings for the company performance against company goals for the prior year and (ii) goals and weighting of goals for the next year;
	assisting
	assist the board in evaluating potential internal candidates for the CEO position;
	oversee risks associated with our compensation policies, management resources and structure, and management development and selection processes;
	oversee and make recommendations to the board regarding the compensation of our non-employee directors; and
	reviewing
	review and approvingapprove our benefit and equity compensation plans.

 

The MDCC has the authority to delegate any of its responsibilities to individual members to the extent deemed appropriate by the MDCC in its sole discretion, but subject always to the general oversight of the board.

 

SeeCompensationDiscussion and Analysis—Detailed Discussionbelow for a discussion of the MDCC’s role in overseeing executive compensation.

 

The report of the MDCC appears on page 6762 of this proxy statement.

 

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Science and Technology Committee

 

Our science and technologyS&T committee discharges our board of directors’ responsibilities relating to the oversight of our investment in pharmaceutical research and development. In furtherance of that oversight function, the science and technologyS&T committee:

 

	reviews and assesses our current and planned research and development programs and technology initiatives from a scientific perspective;
	oversees risks related to our research and development investments;
	assesses the capabilities of our key scientific personnel and the depth and breadth of our scientific resources; and
	provides strategic advice to our board regarding emerging science and technology issues and trends.

 

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

 

Mr.Messrs. Kearney, Mr.Lee, Sachs Ms.and Young and Elaine Ullian, and Mr. Younga former member of our board of directors, served on the MDCC during 2017.2019. Each member of the MDCC was an independent director while serving on the MDCC. No memberNone of our boardthe members of directors who was a memberthe MDCC has been an officer or employee of the Company. None of the members of our MDCC athad a relationship with the Company or any timeof its subsidiaries during 2017 has ever been one of our employees or officers. No member of our board who was a member of our MDCC at any time during 2017 has ever been a party to a transaction2019 that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K prior to becoming a member of our MDCC.S-K. During 2017,2019, none of our executive officers served as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of the board of directors, or performed the equivalent functions, of any entityanother company that has one or more executive officers serving as a member of our board or the MDCC.

 

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Public Policy and Engagement

 

The biotechnology industry is a highly-regulated industry, and it is important to our business, our patients and our shareholders that we engage compliantly on public policy issues.issues that impact our ability to serve patients and deliver on our business objectives. This includes providing advocacy for healthcare innovation and patient access to care. We engage with various policy makers to help promote an environment in which we can continue to innovate and develop transformative medicines for the benefit of patients with serious diseases.

 

We meet all federal, state and local laws and reporting requirements governing corporate political contributions. We file quarterly reports on ourlisting the issues for which we conduct federal lobbying activityactivities in compliance with the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007. These reports are available to the public athttps://soprweb.senate.gov/index.cfm?event=selectfields. the U.S. Senate Office of Public Records website and U.S. House of Representatives Office of the Clerk website.

 

Vertex isWe are a member of a number ofsome industry and trade groups, including the Biotechnology Industry Association. These organizations represent the biotechnology industry and/or businesses more broadly in engaging with policy makers on issues that affect our business. Our governmental affairs executives evaluate our participation in these organizations regularly to ensure that they are broadly aligned with our business objectives, but we do not always agree with positions taken by these organizations and/or its members.

 

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DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

 

Non-Employee Director Compensation Program

 

We have designed and implemented our compensation program for our non-employee directors to attract, motivate and retain individuals who are committed to our values and goals and who have the expertise and experience that we need to achieve those goals.

 

The compensation program for our non-employee directors is:

 

Compensation Elements
Cash
Annual Cash Retainer				$	100,000				$	100,000
Annual Committee Chair Retainer		Audit and Finance Committee		$	30,000		Audit and Finance Committee		$	30,000
		Management Development and Compensation Committee		$	25,000		Management Development and Compensation Committee		$	25,000
		Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee		$	20,000		Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee		$	20,000
		Science and Technology Committee		$	20,000		Science and Technology Committee		$	20,000
Committee Membership Retainer
		Audit and Finance Committee		$	15,000		Audit and Finance Committee		$	15,000
		Management Development and Compensation Committee		$	12,500		Management Development and Compensation Committee		$	12,500
		Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee		$	10,000		Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee		$	10,000
		Science and Technology Committee		$	10,000		Science and Technology Committee		$	10,000
Annual Co-Lead Independent Director Retainer				$	40,000
Annual Lead Independent Director Retainer									$	40,000
Equity
Initial Equity Grant		A $475,000 value-based award, comprised of:					A $400,000 value-based award in restricted stock units vesting after 12 months
		$200,000 in options vesting quarterly over four years from the date of grant
		$275,000 in restricted stock units vesting annually over three years from the date of grant
Annual Equity Retainer		On June 1 of each year, a $475,000 value-based award, comprised of:					On June 1 of each year, a $400,000 value-based award, which the directors can elect to receive in the form of:
		$200,000 in options that are fully-vested upon grant					options that are fully-vested upon grant;
		$275,000 in restricted stock units vesting in full on the first anniversary of the date of grant					restricted stock units that vests on the first anniversary of the date of grant; or
							a 50/50 mix of options and restricted stock units

 

Each of our non-employee directors is eligible to defer 50% or 100% of the cash and restricted stock portion of his/his or her compensation set forth above and elect to receive deferred stock units that are paid out in common stock upon the earliest to occur of (i) termination of the non-employee director’s service on our board of directors, (ii) a change of control and (iii) the non-employee directors disability or death.

 

Our non-employee directors also are reimbursed for their business-related expenses incurred in connection with attendance at board and committee meetings and related activities. Our onlytwo employee director,directors, Dr. Leiden receives noand Dr. Kewalramani, do not receive separate compensation for his service in such capacity.

 

We annually review the compensation program for our non-employee directors. In 2017,the second half of 2018, based on a market assessment of the board compensation at our peer companies, we modified the non-employee director compensation program to (i) reduce the overallvalue of the equity compensation payable to our directors from $475,000 to $400,000 and (ii) allow the directors to choose whether to receive their equity grants in the form of restricted stock units, stock options or a 50/50 mix of restricted stock units and stock options. We did not make any changes to the compensation program for our non-employee directors and (ii) adjust the cash versus equity allocation of the compensation.in 2019.

 

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20172019 Summary Compensation

 

Director		Fees Earned or Paid in Cash				Stock Units(1)				Option Awards(1)				Total				Fees Earned or Paid in Cash				Stock Awards(1)				Option Awards(1)				All Other Compensation(3)				Total
Sangeeta N. Bhatia		$	113,700			$	275,053			$	275,075			$	663,828			$	130,000			$	400,103			$	—			$	—			$	530,103
Joshua Boger(2)		$	43,058			$	275,053			$	275,075			$	593,186
Lloyd Carney																		$	94,446			$	400,088			$	—			$	—			$	494,534
Alan Garber(3)		$	53,503			$	275,117			$	275,150			$	603,770			$	118,613			$	200,136			$	200,033			$	—			$	518,782
Terrence C. Kearney		$	125,000			$	275,053			$	275,075			$	675,128			$	142,500			$	400,103			$	—			$	—			$	542,603
Yuchun Lee		$	110,000			$	275,053			$	275,075			$	660,128			$	126,435			$	—			$	400,006			$	—			$	526,441
Margaret G. McGlynn		$	103,700			$	275,053			$	275,075			$	653,828			$	120,000			$	—			$	400,006			$	25,000			$	545,006
Bruce I. Sachs(4)(2)		$	165,000			$	275,053			$	275,075			$	715,128			$	182,871			$	—			$	400,006			$	25,000			$	607,877
Elaine S. Ullian		$	155,000			$	275,053			$	275,075			$	705,128			$	73,839			$	—			$	400,006			$	25,000			$	498,845
William D. Young		$	105,000			$	275,053			$	275,075			$	655,128			$	122,500			$	400,103			$	—			$	—			$	522,603

(1)	The amounts set forth under the captions “Stock Units”Awards” and “Option Awards” in the table above represent the grant-date fair value for financial statement reporting purposes of the equity awards granted during 2017.2019. Our methodology, including underlying estimates and assumptions, for calculating these values is set forth in Note NO to our consolidated financial statements included in our 20172019 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 15, 2018.13, 2020.
(2)	Dr. Boger retired from our board of directors on June 8, 2017.
(3)	Dr. Garber joined our board on June 8, 2017.
(4)	Mr. Sachs elected to defer his quarterly cash retainers, which were paid in deferred stock units, on each of the quarterly payment dates occurring on the 15th15th of the month following the quarter end. Theend in an amount equal to the dollar value of the cash amount that would have been paid on such date divided by the fair market value of a share of common stock on each deferredsuch date. The per share fair market values of our common stock unit on each of those dates were $114.58, $130.15, $155.44was $182.28, $176.39, $175.50 and $157.50.$231.55.
(3)	Ms. McGlynn, Mr. Sachs and Ms. Ullian participated in the Vertex Foundation Matching Gift Program.

 

20172019 Equity Grants

 

Grant		Date		Shares				Exercise Price				Grant-Date Fair Value
Annual Non-Employee Director Option Grants		June 1, 2017			5,295			$	125.71			$	275,075
Annual Non-Employee Director Stock Unit Grants		June 1, 2017			2,188				N/A			$	275,053
Initial Option Grant to Dr. Garber		June 8, 2017			5,320			$	125.11			$	275,150
Initial Restricted Stock Unit Grant to Dr. Garber		June 8, 2017			2,199				N/A			$	275,117

Grant		Date		Shares				Exercise Price				Grant-Date Fair Value
Annual Non-Employee Director - 100% Option Grants		June 1, 2019			6,659			$	168.04			$	400,006
Annual Non-Employee Director - 50% Option Grants		June 1, 2019			3,330			$	168.04			$	200,033
Annual Non-Employee Director - 100% Restricted Stock Unit Grants		June 1, 2019			2,381				N/A			$	400,103
Annual Non-Employee Director - 50% Restricted Stock Unit Grants		June 1, 2019			1,191				N/A			$	200,136
Initial Restricted Stock Unit Grant to Lloyd Carney		February 21, 2019			2,161				N/A			$	400,088

 

Outstanding Equity

 

As of December 31, 2017,2019, our non-employee directors had outstanding restricted stock units, deferred stock units and stock options to purchase our common stock as follows:

 

Director		Outstanding Restricted Stock Units		Outstanding Deferred Stock Units		Exercisable Options		Total Outstanding Options		Outstanding Restricted Stock Units				Outstanding Deferred Stock Units				Exercisable Options				Total Outstanding Options
Sangeeta N. Bhatia		2,188		—		24,045		35,295			2,381				—				12,574				12,574
Lloyd Carney											2,161				—				—				—
Alan Garber		2,199		—		665		5,320			2,291				—				9,884				11,879
Terrence C. Kearney		2,188		—		72,743		72,743			2,381				—				28,524				28,524
Yuchun Lee		2,188		—		95,702		95,702			—				1,801				105,590				105,590
Margaret G. McGlynn		2,188		—		92,368		92,368			—				3,989				42,256				42,256
Bruce I. Sachs		2,188		5,858		132,368		132,368			—				11,899				132,256				132,256
Elaine S. Ullian		2,188		—		79,868		79,868
William D. Young		2,188		—		78,618		82,368			2,381				—				55,597				55,597

 

Non-Employee Director Stock Ownership Guidelines

 

We have stock ownership guidelines for our non-employee directors pursuant to which our non-employee directors should, within five years of becoming subject to the guidelines, achieve ownership of shares of our common stock with a value equal to at least threefive times the annual cash retainer.

 

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CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY

 

DuringVertex has grown into a leading global biotechnology company that repeatedly innovates to bring transformative medicines to people with serious diseases around the last three years,world. As we have significantlygrown, we have maintained and expanded on our long-standing commitmentscommitment to philanthropic giving, diversitycorporate responsibility. Our progress and inclusionefforts have been recognized, with Vertex named toForbesJust 100 list,Newsweek’sAmerica’s Most Responsible Companies ranking and global sustainability.the Boston Business Journal’s Most Charitable Companies in Massachusetts top 20 ranking.

 

Giving and AccessCommunity

 

GivingAt Vertex, volunteering and giving is in our DNA here at Vertex.DNA. In 2017,2019, Vertex and its employees supported more than 1,600 nonprofit organizations in 14 countries through Vertex Volunteers and the Vertex Foundation Matching Gift Program.

The Vertex Foundation, a nonprofit 501(c)(3) foundation seeks to improve the lives of people with serious diseases and its communities through education, innovation and health. It is a long-term source of charitable giving. In 2019, the Vertex Foundation made $7.3 million in grants to nonprofit organizations globally in support of its core focus areas.

Throughout the year, we madeencourage our employees to participate in community service activities through Vertex Volunteers program, including activities such as pro bono service conducted by members of our legal and compliance group and our annual global Day of Service. Last year, 50% of Vertex employees in 14 countries collectively volunteered more than 6,600 hours in their local communities.

We have established a global 10-year $500 million corporate giving commitment focused on four areas:

	patients, including enabling access to our medicines
	expanding our commitment to science, technology, engineering, arts and math (STEAM) education--$50 million of this commitment is dedicated to STEAM education, particularly for underserved communities and women
	developing young physicians and scientists
	strengthening our local communities, including fostering the innovation ecosystem and supporting youth health and wellness

Thisof $500 million. Our corporate giving initiative extends and expands our long-term commitment to patients with serious diseases and our community, continuing programscommunities, including a focus on science, technology, engineering, arts and math (STEAM) education. For example, Vertex Learning Labs in Boston and San Diego provide hands-on learning to provide access to our medicinesthousands of students annually and extending and expanding our collaborationhelp reinforce concepts taught in classrooms with resources that the Boston Public Schools. Through this collaboration, high school students have ongoing access to Vertex’s 3,000 square foot learning lab established in 2014 and mentoring and internship opportunities with Vertex scientists. In addition, we have established an extensive internship program for college students and fellowship programs for graduate students and postdoctoral scientists.schools may not have. We also annually grant full four-yearprovide 87 scholarships to people with cystic fibrosis and their family members who are pursuing two-year, four-year or graduate degrees. Vertex is also committed to supporting programs and initiatives in the University of Massachusetts.

As part of this commitment,countries in which we established The Vertex Foundation, a 501(c)(3) organizationoperate to educate healthcare professionals, strengthen cystic fibrosis research and long-term source of charitable giving, with an initial commitment of $10 million. The Vertex Foundation supports, among other initiatives, a dollar-for-dollar employee matching gift programdevelopment, raise disease awareness and provide support to magnify the impact of employees’ donations to qualified non-profitnonprofit organizations.

In addition, we encourage our employees to participate in community service activities. For example, our employees provide thousands of volunteer hours through, among other activities, participation in our global day of service (volunteering at dozens of nonprofit organizations and schools in our community), leading activities in our learning laboratory, andpro bonoactivities conducted by members of our legal and compliance group.

 

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Diversity and InclusionWorkplace

 

DiversityWe are committed to building an outstanding, committed and inclusion is deeply ingrained in our culture.passionate team at Vertex. We believe that we can do our best work for patients when we foster a culture and environment where all points of view are respected and heard. At Vertex, we view diversity as a catalyst for innovation, and as a key driver in making better decisions and achieving the best outcomes.

We are pleased to have been awarded:

	a perfect score of 100 on the Human Rights Campaign’s Corporate Equality Index (CEI);
	recognition in the list of Best Places to Work for LGBTQ Equality; and
	#5 among 1,000 companies in Forbes 2019 Best Employers for Diversity List.

We were also recognized by the Boston Women’s Workforce Council in 2019 with an inclusive workforce each employee brings diverse perspectivesInnovative Initiative Award for the work we have done to increase the ratio of women on our board and strengths, and that embracing those strengths and celebrating those differences is essential toin our success. Our commitment to gender and ethnic diversity is reflected at the board level and within our workforce and ourexecutive suite through hiring and promotion policies.promotion.

 

FourSix of our nineten board membersnominees are diverse based on gender and/or ethnicity. This includes threefour female board members, and wenominees. We are pleased to have been recognized by 2020 Women on Boards, a non-profit organization that is focused on educating corporate stakeholders on the importance of board diversity.

 

On a global basis, our employees are evenly split between menemployee population is 53% women and women.47% men. In the United States, approximately 30%32% of our workforce isand 36% of new hires are racially/ethnically diverse. As of the beginningend of 2018, 38%2019, 42% of our senior employeesglobal leadership (VP and above) were women and 18%13% of senior employees in the United StatesU.S. leadership were racially/ethnically diverse.

 

 

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	63% of our critical hires at the vice president and above levels were diverse on a gender or ethnic basis

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	37% of new hires in the United States were ethnically diverse
	65% of promotions were diverse on a gender or ethnic basisEnvironment

 

We are also committed to fostering diversity and inclusion through support of our employee-led resource networks (ERNs) that foster connectivity and collaboration across our organization and provide mentoring, career development, community outreach and cultural awareness opportunities. Our current ERNs are: IWILL (Inspiring Women in Leadership and Learning), VIBE (Vertex Includes Boundless Ethnicities), and Vertex Pride (providing an opportunity to engage with the LGBT community).

2017 marked the first annual Diversity Week at Vertex, which included activities focused on advancing, promoting, engaging and celebrating diversity. Activities included speakers, unconscious bias training, communication and diversity workshops, ERN sponsored activities and other special events designed to increase employee awareness and engagement with respect to this critical issue.

Sustainability

We at Vertex are committed to sustainability. We seek to limitlimiting our environmental impactimpacts and have implemented a number of programs in an effort to operateoperating our business in a sustainable manner.

 

In designingStrong local efforts are reducing our major facilities around the world, we have focused on energy efficiency. This is demonstratedenvironmental impacts. Since 2015, Vertex has reduced its global greenhouse gas emissions by our corporate headquarters in Boston, Massachusetts, which was completed in 2014 and achieved a LEED Gold certification. In 2015, our UK Paddington office was awarded BREEAM “Excellent Status” for sustainability, and our new39%. Vertex’s research facility in Oxford, UK uses 100% renewable energy sources for its electricity and gas. At our research site in San Diego, is being constructedwe divert 15,000 pounds of cardboard and glass annually through a unique solvent distribution system. In addition, our facilities in accordance withBoston and in San Diego are LEED Gold standards. In addition,certified and our office in 2016, we committed to reducing the greenhouse gas emissions at our corporate headquarters byLondon achieved a further 35% by 2020, pursuant to Greenovate Boston Mayor’s Carbon Cup.BREEAM rating of excellent.

 

We promote energy efficiency throughoutside of our employee benefits, which includebuildings, too. Employees are encouraged to use public transportation to commute to work and we offer a generous subsidy for employees who take public transportation, as well as programs promoting commuting using alternative means such as biking. As a result, approximatelythem to do so. Approximately 50% of ouremployees in Boston headquartersand more than 80% of employees in London commute using public transportation. In San Diego, our efforts to encourage more sustainable commuting methods achieved the highest recognition from the San Diego Association of Government’s iCommute program.

 

Building on these sustainability efforts, we have established a new global goal to reduce our absolute greenhouse gas emissions 20% by 2023. In addition, in 2019 we have implemented a recyclingreported to the CDP Climate Change survey to share our progress and composting program at multiple locations. At our corporate headquarters, these efforts have reduced waste and has converted 80% of the waste from our cafeteria into compost.commitment to sustainability.

 

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Item 2

Amendments to our Charter and By-laws

We are requesting that our shareholders approve (i) an amendment to our Restated Articles of Organization and (ii) our Amended and Restated By-Laws that would eliminate supermajority voting requirements.

Our Restated Articles of Organization and Amended and Restated By-Laws each currently require the affirmative vote of 80% of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of common stock to amend certain provisions relating to (1) the number, election and terms of our board of directors, (2) director nominations, (3) newly-created directorships and vacancies and (4) removal of directors.

At our 2017 annual meeting of shareholders, our shareholders approved a non-binding shareholder proposal requesting that we take each necessary step to eliminate each voting requirement in our charter and by-laws that called for greater than a simple majority vote. After the 2017 annual meeting of shareholders, we continued our engagement with our shareholders and monitored corporate governance trends and in February 2018 our board approved, subject to shareholder approval, an amendment to our Restated Articles of Organization and Amended and Restated By-Laws that eliminate the supermajority vote requirements. If approved by shareholders, all items in our Restated Articles of Organization and Amended and Restated By-Laws will be subject to amendment by a simple majority vote of shareholders, unless a greater vote threshold is required by applicable law.

The full text of the proposed amendment to our Restated Articles of Organization and the Amended and Restated By-Laws that would become effective upon shareholder approval of this proposal and filing the Restated Articles of Organization with The Commonwealth of Massachusetts are attached to this proxy statement as Appendix A and Appendix B, with additions of text indicated by underlining and deletions of text indicated by strike-outs.

Our board of directors recommends a voteFORthe approval of (i) the amendments to our restated articles of organization and (ii) our amended and restated by-laws. The affirmative vote by the holders of 80% of the shares outstanding as of the record date in person or by proxy on this matter is required for the approval of this proposal.

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Item 3

Amendment and Restatement of 2013 Stock and Option Plan

Our board of directors believes that our broad-based equity compensation program is essential to attract, retain and motivate people with the necessary talent and experience and to provide additional incentive to achieve our short- and long-term business objectives. We are requesting that our shareholders approve an amendment and restatement of our 2013 Stock and Option Plan, or 2013 Plan, which would increase the number of shares available for issuance under the 2013 Plan by 8.0 million shares.

On April 2, 2018, our board of directors amended and restated our 2013 Plan, subject to shareholder approval, to, among other things, increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2013 Plan by 8.0 million shares.

Our 2013 Plan utilizes “fungible” shares, with stock options counting as one share against the total authorized shares and full value awards, such as restricted stock or restricted stock units, counting as 1.66 shares against the total authorized shares. We adopted this fungible share plan to provide flexibility in the types of awards we grant under our equity compensation program, while appropriately accounting for the difference between stock options and full value awards. Over the last several years, we have implemented changes in our equity compensation program for our employees, executives and our board that have significantly reduced dilution from our employee equity awards while maintaining a broad-based equity program. We believe that our equity compensation program has been fundamental to our success over the last several years and that the amendment and restatement of the 2013 Plan, which authorizes the issuance of additional shares subject to the 2013 Plan, is necessary in order to support our equity compensation program going forward.

Maintenance of Broad-Based Equity Program While Reducing Dilution

Since our inception, we have compensated all eligible employees using a mix of cash and equity. The broad-based nature of our equity compensation program is an important element of our overall employee compensation program and reflects our philosophy that it is important for all of our employees to approach their jobs with a long-term commitment and perspective. Over the last several years, we have modified our equity compensation programs. These modifications are consistent with modifications other biotechnology companies have made as they matured from development-stage companies to commercial-stage companies with a strong financial profile. As a result of these changes, we granted on an absolute basis equity awards representing 41% fewer shares of common stock in 2017 as compared to 2012 and reduced our “burn rate” from 3.6% in 2012 to 1.8% in 2017.

		2012 Equity Awards		2013 Equity Awards		2014 Equity Awards		2015 Equity Awards		2016 Equity Awards		2017 Equity Awards		% Change 2012 v 2017
Total Shares Granted Subject to Equity Awards		7,525,000		6,276,000		5,629,000		5,035,000		4,887,000		4,470,000		(41)%
Burn Rate(1)		3.6%		2.8%		2.4%		2.1%		2.0%		1.8%
Awards Canceled, Forfeited or Expired		1,644,000		2,622,000		1,628,000		1,573,000		928,000		1,107,000
Net Dilution		5,881,000		3,654,000		4,001,000		3,462,000		3,959,000		3,363,000
Net Burn Rate		2.8%		1.6%		1.7%		1.4%		1.6%		1.3%

(1)	“Burn rate” is defined as the number of equity awards granted in a specific year divided by the basic weighted average number of shares outstanding during that year.

We currently expect that we will grant fewer options in 2018 than in 2017. As a result, although the MDCC and board retains discretion with respect to equity grants, we expect that, consistent with the last several years, there will be a small further decline in the dilution to our shareholders from our equity compensation program in 2018 as compared to 2017.

Key Provisions of our 2013 Plan

The 2013 Plan includes a number of provisions designed to serve shareholders’ interests and facilitate effective corporate governance, including the following:

	Fungible Shares: Options and other awards granted at a purchase price of 100% of the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the date of grant count against the number of shares authorized under our 2013 Plan at a rate of one share for each share granted. Any restricted stock, restricted stock units or other “full value” awards granted under the 2013 Plan count against the number of shares authorized for issuance under our 2013 Plan at a rate of 1.66 shares for each share granted.
	No Stock Option Re-pricing/Exchange: Except in connection with specific corporate transactions (including stock dividends, stock splits, consolidations, mergers, recapitalizations and reorganizations), the 2013 Plan does not permit (i) the amendment of stock options or stock appreciation rights granted under the 2013 Plan to provide an exercise price that is lower than the then-current price per share of such outstanding option or stock appreciation right, (ii) the cancellation of any outstanding option or stock appreciation right (whether or not granted under the 2013 Plan) and the grant in substitution therefor of any award under the 2013 Plan covering the same or a different number of shares of common stock and having

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an exercise price per share lower than the then-current exercise price per share of the cancelled option or stock appreciation right or (iii) the cancellation in exchange for a cash payment of any outstanding option or stock appreciation right with an exercise price per share above the then-current fair market value of our common stock without shareholder approval.

	No Discounted Stock Options or SARs: Stock options and stock appreciation rights cannot be granted with an exercise price less than the fair market value on the date of grant.
	No “Evergreen” Provision: The 2013 Plan does not contain an “evergreen” or similar provision. The 2013 Plan fixes the number of shares available for future grants and does not provide for any increase based on increases in the number of outstanding shares of common stock.
	No Reload Rights: Stock options granted under the 2013 Plan do not contain provisions entitling participants to automatic grants of additional stock options in connection with the exercise of the original option.
	Limitation on Re-use of Shares: Shares that are delivered to, or withheld by, the company under an award may not be reissued under the 2013 Plan. Shares may be delivered or withheld in connection with the exercise of stock options or the payment of required withholding taxes.
	Limitations on Dividend Payments: No dividends or dividend equivalents will be paid with respect to shares subject to stock options or stock appreciation rights unless and until such awards have vested and been exercised in accordance with their terms. Any dividends or dividend equivalents paid with respect to shares underlying stock rights other than stock options or stock appreciation rights will be subject to the same vesting terms otherwise applicable to the award
	Independent Committee: As it relates to our employees, the 2013 Plan is administered by the MDCC, which consists of “outside directors” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, “non-employee directors” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act and “independent directors” as defined by NASDAQ.

Existing Plans

As of February 28, 2018, options to purchase (i) an aggregate of 7,876,791 shares having a weighted-average exercise price of $114.94 per share and a weighted-average term before expiration of 8.23 years were outstanding under our 2013 Plan, and (ii) an aggregate of 2,416,691 shares having a weighted-average exercise price of $62.85 per share and a weighted-average term before expiration of 4.28 years were outstanding under our Amended and Restated 2006 Stock and Option Plan, or 2006 Plan. Also, on February 28, 2018, there were outstanding an aggregate of 4,089,535 unvested shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units granted under our 2013 Plan and 87,111 unvested shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units granted under our 2006 Plan.

We may grant additional awards under our 2013 Plan. We are not able to grant additional awards under our 2006 Plan. As of February 28, 2018, there were 7,663,273 shares remaining available for award under our 2013 Plan. In addition, any shares of common stock subject to awards outstanding under the 2006 Plan which expire, terminate or are otherwise surrendered, canceled, forfeited or repurchased by us at their original issuance price pursuant to a contractual repurchase right, will become available for issuance under the 2013 Plan.

Submission of 2013 Plan

We are submitting the amendment to our 2013 Plan to our shareholders as required under applicable rules of NASDAQ and to ensure (i) favorable federal income tax treatment under Section 422 of the Code, for any grants of incentive stock options that we may make under our 2013 Plan and (ii) continued eligibility under Rule  162(m) of the Code, to the extent applicable, for a federal income tax deduction with respect to compensation earned in respect of certain awards granted under our 2013 Plan prior to December 22, 2017.

Summary of the Amended and Restated 2013 Stock and Option Plan

A summary of the principal features of our 2013 Plan is set forth below. A copy of our 2013 Plan, as amended and restated and in the form that would become effective upon shareholder approval of this proposal, is attached to this proxy statement as Appendix C.

Administration and Eligibility for Participation

The 2013 Plan is administered by our board of directors or any committee to which it delegates all or a part of its administrative responsibilities under the 2013 Plan. Our board has delegated the administration of the 2013 Plan to the MDCC. Subject to the provisions of the 2013 Plan, our board, or an authorized committee of our board, determines the persons to whom awards under the 2013 Plan will be granted, the number of shares to be covered by each award, the exercise price per share and the manner of exercise, the terms and

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conditions upon which awards are granted, whether to accelerate the vesting or extend the date of exercise of any installment of any award and how to interpret the provisions of the 2013 Plan. Awards may be granted under the 2013 Plan to our employees, including officers and directors who are employees, and to our consultants, advisors and non-employee directors. As of March 31, 2018, we and our subsidiaries had approximately 2,327 employees and eight non-employee directors eligible to participate in the 2013 Plan. The number of consultants and advisors eligible for awards under our 2013 Plan varies from time to time. No participant may be granted awards in any calendar year for more than 1,000,000 shares, subject to adjustment for stock splits and similar recapitalizations.

Description of Awards

The 2013 Plan provides for the award of stock options, stock grants, and other stock-based awards. Any restricted stock grants, restricted stock units or other “full value” awards granted under the 2013 Plan will count against the number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2013 Plan at a rate of 1.66 shares for each share granted. Shares of common stock reserved for such awards granted under the 2013 Plan that lapse or are canceled or forfeited are added back to the share reserve at a rate of 1.66 shares for each share that lapses or is canceled or forfeited. Shares of common stock issued pursuant to restricted stock agreements and restricted stock unit awards may be purchased by employees for nominal value. If we were to permit shares of common stock to be delivered to us to pay the exercise price of a stock option or to be withheld to fund the payment of taxes, those shares would not be added back to the share reserve available for future awards. No option or stock appreciation right may be granted with a term exceeding ten years from the date of grant.

Stock Options

Stock options provide award recipients with the right, subject to the terms and conditions that are specified in connection with the option grant, to purchase a specified number of shares of our common stock at a specified exercise price. Stock options granted under the 2013 Plan may be awarded as either non-qualified stock options or as incentive stock options within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code, referred to as ISOs, however only employees may receive ISOs. The maximum value of shares of common stock—determined at the time of grant—that may be subject to ISOs that become exercisable by an employee in any one year is limited to $100,000. Since 2003, we have only granted non-qualified stock options under our equity plans.

Stock options granted under the 2013 Plan may not be granted with an exercise price that is less than the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant, which is defined under the 2013 Plan as the average of the highest and lowest quoted selling prices on such date. ISOs may not be granted with an exercise price that is less than 110% of fair market value in the case of employees or officers holding 10% or more of our voting stock. ISOs granted to an employee or officer holding 10% or more of our voting stock must expire not more than five years from the date of grant.

Stock options granted under the 2013 Plan can only be exercised by the optionholder and are not transferable except by the laws of descent and distribution or pursuant to domestic relations orders or Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act or as otherwise determined by the MDCC, provided such transfer is not for value.

The 2013 Plan provides for stock option grants to non-employee directors under our director compensation program. In addition to any other stock rights as may be determined by our board of directors each non-employee director serving in office on June 1 of any year is granted, pursuant to our equity plans, a fully vested non-qualified option to purchase a specified number of shares determined from time to time by our board.

The 2013 Plan permits the MDCC to determine the manner of payment of the exercise price of options. Such methods include payment by cash or check, or, at the discretion of the MDCC, by means of a broker assisted “cashless exercise,” delivery to us of shares of our common stock, any combination of such methods or any other lawful means approved by the MDCC, other than delivery of a promissory note.

Stock Grants

A stock grant is an award of shares of common stock. Stock grants may be issued subject to restrictions on transfer and vesting requirements, as determined by the board or an authorized committee of the board. Vesting requirements may take the form of our lapsing right to repurchase the stock from the award recipient, based on either continued employment for specified time periods or on the attainment of specified business performance goals set by our board or the committee of our board. Subject to the transfer restrictions and our repurchase rights, if any, the grantee will have all rights with respect to unvested shares of common stock issued under a stock grant as are possessed by our other shareholders, including all voting and dividend rights, provided that dividends, if any, with respect to unvested shares shall accrue and be payable only upon the vesting of such shares.

Stock-Based Awards

The 2013 Plan provides that the MDCC may grant other stock-based awards, including restricted stock units, share grants based upon specified conditions, the grant of securities convertible into shares, or the grant of stock appreciation rights, or phantom stock awards, in each case upon terms and conditions established by the MDCC.

Performance Awards

Under the 2013 Plan, we have the discretionary authority to structure one or more awards so that the shares of common stock subject to those particular awards will not vest unless certain pre-established objective performance goals are achieved, in order to, with respect to awards made before December 22, 2017, qualify such awards as performance-based compensation that will not be subject to the $1,000,000 limitation imposed by Section 162(m) of the Code, to the extent applicable, on the income tax deductibility of the compensation paid to specified executive officers. Such objective goals may be based on one or more of the following criteria: (i) revenue targets or revenue growth; (ii) achievement of specified milestones in the discovery, development or regulatory approval of

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one or more of our drug candidates; (iii) achievement of specified milestones in the commercialization of one or more of our products; (iv) achievement of specified milestones in the manufacturing of one or more of our products; (v) cost reduction or other expense control targets; (vi) personal management objectives; (vii) stock price (including, but not limited to, growth measures); (viii) total shareholder return; (ix) income per share; (x) operating efficiency measures; (xi) operating margin; (xii) gross margin; (xiii) return measures (including, but not limited to, return on assets, capital, equity or sales); (xiv) net or total revenue levels; (xv) productivity ratios; (xvi) operating income; (xvii) net operating profit; (xviii) net earnings or net income (before or after taxes); (xix)  cash flow (including, but not limited to, operating cash flow, free cash flow and cash flow return on capital); (xx) earnings or operating income before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and/or stock-based compensation expense; (xxi) mergers, acquisitions or divestitures objectives; (xxii)  market share; (xxiii)  customer satisfaction; (xxiv) working capital targets; (xxv) budget objectives and (xxvi) achievement of other balance sheet or statements of operations objectives.

Each objective performance measure that is a financial measure may be determined pursuant to generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) or on a non-GAAP basis. Such objective performance measures may reflect absolute entity or business unit performance or a relative comparison to the performance of a peer group of entities, an index or indices or other external measure of the selected performance criteria, and may be absolute in their terms or measured against or in relationship to other companies comparably, similarly or otherwise situated. The objective performance measures and any targets with respect thereto need not be based on an increase, a positive or improved result or the avoidance of loss. Such performance measures: (1) may vary by participant and may be different for different awards; (2) may be particular to a participant or the department, branch, line of business, subsidiary or other unit in which the participant works and may cover such performance period as may be specified by us; and (3) shall be set within the time period prescribed by, and shall otherwise comply with the requirements of, Section 162(m) of the Code, to the extent applicable.

We may specify that such performance measures shall be adjusted to exclude or provide for appropriate adjustment for one or more of the following items: (A) asset impairments or write-downs; (B) litigation and governmental investigation expenses and judgments, verdicts or claim settlements; (C) the effect of changes in tax law, accounting principles or other laws, regulations or provisions affecting reported results; (D) the effect of exchange rates for non-US dollar denominated net sales or goals based on operating profit, earnings or income; (E) accruals for reorganization and restructuring programs; (F) any non-GAAP adjustments as described in our earnings releases or in the management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations appearing in our periodic reports; (G) items of income, gain, loss or expense attributable to the operations of any business acquired by us, any parent or subsidiary or of any joint venture established by us or any parent or subsidiary; (H) costs and expenses incurred in connection with mergers and acquisitions; (I) items of income, gain, loss or expense attributable to one or more business operations divested by us, or any parent or subsidiary or the gain or loss realized upon the sale of any such divested business or the assets thereof; or (J) the effect of any change in the outstanding shares of common stock effected by reason of a stock split, stock dividend, stock repurchase, reorganization, recapitalization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, combination or exchange of shares or other similar corporate change or any distributions to our shareholders other than regular cash dividends.

Notwithstanding any provision of the 2013 Plan, with respect to any award that is intended to qualify as performance-based compensation, we may adjust downwards, but not upwards, the number of shares payable pursuant to such award, and we may not waive the achievement of the applicable performance measures except in the case of the death or disability of the participant or a change in control of our company or as otherwise provided by the MDCC.

We shall have the power to impose such other restrictions on performance awards as we may deem necessary or appropriate to ensure that such awards satisfy all requirements for performance-based compensation.

The foregoing references in this “Performance Awards” section to Section 162(m) of the Code refer to such Code section as in effect prior to December 22, 2017, including the regulations thereunder and other applicable Internal Revenue Service guidance, whether promulgated or issued before or after December 22, 2017.

It is the intent of the Company that the amendment and restatement of the 2013 Plan not constitute a “material modification” of the Plan or awards granted under it prior to May 17, 2018 (the effective date of the amendment and restatement of the 2013 Plan), in each case within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code. However, there can be no guarantee that awards made before December 22, 2017 under the 2013 Plan will be deductible as qualified performance-based compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code. In addition, the MDCC has and will continue to have authority to pay or provide compensation (including under the 2013 Plan) that is not deductible under Section 162(m) of the Code in order to maintain a competitive compensation program and provide compensation that will attract and retain highly qualified executives.

Adjustments in the Event of Stock Dividends, Stock Splits, Recapitalizations or Reorganizations

The number of shares subject to stock rights and other terms applicable to such rights will be equitably adjusted if we issue a stock dividend, or in the event of a stock split, recapitalization or reorganization. In addition, in the event of certain consolidations or acquisitions or a sale of substantially all of our assets, either (i) the MDCC or the entity assuming our obligations under the 2013 Plan shall make appropriate provision for the continuation of all outstanding stock rights under the 2013 Plan or grant replacement stock rights on an equitable basis as determined by the MDCC or the relevant entity, or (ii) if there is no assumption or replacement, the vesting of all outstanding and unvested stock rights under the 2013 Plan will be accelerated and such stock rights will become fully exercisable immediately prior to such consolidation, acquisition or sale.

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Effective Date, Amendment and Expiration

The 2013 Plan became effective on May 8, 2013 and was previously amended and restated effective as of June 4, 2015 and June 8, 2017. The amendment and restatement of our 2013 Plan will be effective, subject to shareholder approval, on May 17, 2018. The 2013 Plan will terminate on April 12, 2027. Our board of directors may terminate or amend the 2013 Plan at any time, subject to shareholder approval under certain circumstances as provided in the 2013 Plan. No amendment or termination of the 2013 Plan will adversely and materially affect the rights provided in any award made under the 2013 Plan prior to the plan amendment or termination. Neither our board nor the administrator has the authority to reduce the exercise price of any stock option after the date of grant, except in the case of an equitable adjustment required under the 2013 Plan. No award may be made under the 2013 Plan after the plan expiration date. Awards made prior to expiration of the 2013 Plan may extend beyond the plan expiration date.

U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences

The discussion of federal income tax consequences that follows is based on an analysis of the Code as currently in effect, existing law, judicial decisions and administrative regulations and rulings, all of which are subject to change, and is applicable to optionees who are U.S. taxpayers.

Non-Qualified Options

Options that are designated as non-qualified options are not intended to qualify for treatment under Section 422 of the Code. Options otherwise qualifying as ISOs, to the extent the aggregate fair market value of shares with respect to which such options are first exercisable by an individual in any calendar year exceeds $100,000, also will be treated as options that are not ISOs.

A non-qualified option ordinarily will not result in income to the optionee or a deduction for us for tax purposes at the time of grant. Instead, the optionee will recognize compensation income at the time of exercise of a non-qualified option in an amount equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares at the time of exercise over the option exercise price. Any compensation income may be subject to withholding taxes, and a deduction may then be allowable to us in an amount equal to the optionee’s compensation income.

An optionee’s initial basis in shares so acquired will be the amount paid on exercise of the non-qualified option plus the amount of any corresponding compensation income. Any gain or loss as a result of a subsequent disposition of the shares so acquired will be capital gain or loss.

Incentive Stock Options

ISOs are intended to qualify for treatment under Section 422 of the Code. An ISO does not result in taxable income to the optionee or a deduction for us at the time it is granted or exercised, provided that the optionee does not dispose of the shares acquired pursuant to the option either within two years after the date of grant of the option or within one year after the shares are issued, referred to as the ISO holding period. However, the difference between the fair market value of the shares on the date of exercise and the option exercise price will be an item of tax preference that is included in alternative minimum taxable income. Upon disposition of the shares after the expiration of the ISO holding period, the optionee generally will recognize long-term capital gain or loss based on the difference between the disposition proceeds and the option exercise price paid for the shares. If the shares are disposed of prior to the expiration of the ISO holding period, the optionee generally will recognize taxable compensation, and we will have a corresponding deduction, in the year of the disposition, equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares on the date of exercise of the option over the option exercise price. Any additional gain realized on the disposition normally will constitute capital gain. If the amount realized upon such a disqualifying disposition is less than fair market value of the shares on the date of exercise, the amount of compensation income will be limited to the excess of the amount realized over the optionee’s adjusted basis in the shares.

Stock Grants

With respect to stock grants that result in the issuance of shares that are either not restricted as to transferability or not subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture, the grantee must generally recognize ordinary income equal to the fair market value of shares received. Thus, deferral of the time of issuance generally will result in the deferral of the time the grantee will be liable for income taxes with respect to such issuance. We generally will be entitled to a deduction in an amount equal to the ordinary income recognized by the grantee.

With respect to stock grants involving the issuance of shares that are restricted as to transferability and subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture, the grantee generally must recognize ordinary income equal to the fair market value of the shares received at the time the shares become transferable or are not subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture, whichever occurs earlier. A grantee may elect to be taxed at the time of receipt of shares rather than upon lapse of restrictions on transferability or substantial risk of forfeiture, but if the grantee subsequently forfeits such shares, the grantee would not be entitled to any tax deduction, including as a capital loss, for the value of the shares on which the grantee previously paid tax. The grantee must file any such election with the Internal Revenue Service within 30 days of the receipt of the shares. We generally will be entitled to a deduction in an amount equal to the ordinary income recognized by the grantee.

The granting of awards under the 2013 Plan is discretionary and we cannot now determine the number or type of awards to be granted in the future to any particular person or group. For further information on awards to non-employee directors, see the section “Non-Employee Director Compensation Program” beginning on page 27 of this proxy statement.

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The following table sets forth, as to our named executive officers and the other individuals and groups indicated, the number of shares of our common stock subject to option grants made under the 2013 Plan from May 8, 2013 through March 29, 2018.

Name		Position		Number of Shares Underlying Options Granted
Named Executive Officers
Jeffrey M. Leiden		Chairman, President & Chief Executive Officer		816,372
David Altshuler		EVP & Chief Scientific Officer		139,579
Thomas Graney		SVP & Chief Financial Officer		10,436
Michael Parini		EVP & Chief Legal and Administrative Officer		158,844
Amit Sachdev		EVP & Chief Regulatory Officer		235,526
Ian F. Smith		EVP & Chief Operating Officer		255,113
All current executive officers as a group (9 persons)				2,179,813
Director Nominees
Sangeeta N. Bhatia				42,368
Jeffrey M. Leiden				816,372
Bruce I. Sachs				57,368
All non-employee board members, including nominees, as a group (8 persons)				401,896
All employees, including current officers who are not executive officers, as a group				9,818,901

On March 29, 2018, the last reported sale price of our common stock on NASDAQ was $162.98 per share.

Our board of directors recommends a voteFORthe approval of the amendment and restatement of our 2013 stock and option plan, that, among other things, increases the number of shares authorized for issuance under this plan by 8.0 million shares. The affirmative vote by the holders of a majority of the votes cast in person or by proxy on this matter is required for the approval of this proposal.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

As of February 28, 2018, there were 7,663,273 shares remaining available for award under our 2013 Plan. Under our 2013 Plan, all awards may be granted as full value awards but count as 1.66 shares for each full value share awarded.

As of February 28, 2018, under our equity plans:

	Stock options covering 10,293,482 shares of our common stock, with a weighted average exercise price of $102.71 and a weighted average remaining term of 7.30 years, were outstanding; and
	unvested restricted stock awards or units covering 4,176,646 shares of our common stock were outstanding.

The following table provides aggregate information with respect to all of our equity compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2017. We are required under applicable SEC rules to disclose in this table the number of shares remaining available for issuance under our equity plans as of December 31, 2017. Accordingly, the figures in the table below do not reflect the equity grants made to our employees under our 2013 Stock and Option Plan, or 2013 Plan, since December 31, 2017.

Plan Category		Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights(2)		Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights		Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (excluding securities reflected in first column)
Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Shareholders(1)		9,767,326		$  91.57		11,427,114
Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Shareholders		—		—		—
TOTAL		9,767,326				11,427,114

(1)	These plans consist of our 2013 Plan, 2006 Stock and Option Plan and our Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
(2)	Does not include restricted stock awards or units covering 3,724,165 shares of our common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2017.

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED - 2018 Proxy Statement    37

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Item 4Proposal No. 2:

Ratification of the Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

Engagement of Ernst & Young LLP

 

Our audit and finance committee is responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of our independent registered public accounting firm. Ernst & Young LLP has been our independent registered public accounting firm since 2005, and we believe that the selection of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 20182020 is in the best interest of our company and our shareholders.

 

In determining whether to reappoint our independent registered public accounting firm, our audit and finance committee undertakes an annual formal evaluation of the independent registered public accounting firm, during which it considers the quality of its discussions with and the performance of the lead audit partner, the audit team assigned to our account, the potential impact of changing our independent registered public accounting firm, the overall strength and reputation of the firm and issues pertaining to auditor independence, including fees that our independent registered public accounting firm receives for non-audit services.

 

Each year, our audit and finance committee, together with Ian F. Smith, our executive vice president and chief operating officer, Thomas Graney, our senior vice president and chief financial officer, and Paul Silva, our senior vice president and controller,management, review the selection of our lead audit partner from Ernst & Young LLP. The review considers several factors, including sound judgment, industry knowledge and experience managing audits of complex companies with substantial international operations. After undertaking such review,Applicable laws and regulations require that we decided to retain the same lead audit partner from Ernst & Young LLP for the 2018 audit. In accordance with applicable requirements, we are required to change our lead audit partner everevery five years. Our lead audit partner completed her fifth year during the 2019 audit cycle. After undertaking its review, our audit and finance committee decided to retain Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the 2020 audit and, together with management, identified the new lead audit partner for the 2020 audit.

 

Representatives of Ernst & Young LLP are expected to attend the annual meeting, will have the opportunity to make a statement if they desire to do so and will be available to respond to appropriate questions from shareholders.

 

Effect of Vote

 

WeAlthough we are not required to have shareholders ratify the selection of Ernst & Young LLP.LLP, our board is submitting this proposal to our shareholders for ratification as a matter of good corporate practice. If our shareholders do not ratify the selection, our audit and finance committee will reconsider the selection of Ernst & Young LLP for the ensuing year, but may determine that continued retention of Ernst & Young LLP is in our company’s and our shareholders’ best interests. Even if the appointment is ratified, the audit and finance committee, in its discretion, may direct the appointment of a different independent registered public accounting firm at any time during the year if it determines that such a change would be in our company’s and our shareholders’ best interests.

 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees

 

The audit and finance committee works with our management in order to negotiate appropriate fees with Ernst & Young LLP and is ultimately responsible for approving those fees. The following is a summary and description of fees for services provided by Ernst & Young LLP in 20172019 and 2016.2018.

 

Service		2017				2016			2019				2018
Audit fees		$	2,818,000			$	2,671,000		$	3,891,000			$	3,433,000
Audit-related fees			24,000				0			0				0
Tax fees			2,587,000				2,282,000			3,194,000				2,790,000
All other fees			3,000				3,000			10,000				3,000
TOTAL		$	5,432,000			$	4,956,000		$	7,095,000			$	6,226,000

 

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED - 20182020 Proxy Statement     3833

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“Audit fees” represented the aggregate fees for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements, and our internal controls over financial reporting, for the reviews of the consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-Q filings for each fiscal quarter, for statutory audits of our international operations and providing consents with respect to registration statements.

 

“Audit-related fees” consisted principally ofrefer to fees for accounting consultations.

 

“Tax fees” consisted of fees related to tax compliance, worldwide tax planning and tax advice. The tax fees for 20172019 and 20162018 consisted of:

 

	tax compliance and preparation fees, including the preparation of original and amended tax returns and refund claims, and tax payment planning of $1,857,000$1,720,000 and $1,219,000,$1,785,000, respectively; and
	tax advice and planning fees of $730,000$1,474,000 and $1,063,000,$1,005,000, respectively.

 

“All other fees” consisted of licensing fees paid to Ernst & Young LLP for access to its proprietary accounting research database.

 

Audit and Finance Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

 

Our audit and finance committee has established a policy to pre-approve all audit and permissible non-audit services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm. Prior to the engagement of the firm for each year’s audit, management submits to our audit and finance committee for approval a description of services expected to be rendered during that year for each of the following four categories of services and a budget for those services in the aggregate.

 

	Audit servicesfees include fees for audit work performed in the preparation of financial statements, as well as work that generally only our independent registered public accounting firm can reasonably be expected to provide, including comfort letters, statutory audits, consents and attestation services.
	Audit-related servicesfees arerelate to services for assurance and related services that traditionally are performed by the independent registered public accounting firm, including due diligence related to mergers and acquisitions, employee benefit plan audits, special procedures required to meet certain regulatory requirements and consultation regarding financial accounting and/or reporting standards.
	Tax servicesfeesinclude fees for all services performed by the independent registered public accounting firm’s tax personnel except those services specifically related to the audit of our financial statements, and include fees in the areas of tax compliance, tax planning and tax advice.
	All other feesare those associated with services not captured in the three preceding categories.

 

Prior to the engagement of our independent registered public accounting firm, our audit and finance committee pre-approves these services by category of service. The fees are budgeted and our audit and finance committee requires the independent registered public accounting firm and management to report actual fees versus the budget periodically throughout the year by category of service. During the year, circumstances may arise when it may become necessary to engage the independent registered public accounting firm for additional services not contemplated in the original pre-approval. In those instances, our audit and finance committee requires that we obtain its specific pre-approval for these services.

 

The audit and finance committee may delegate pre-approval authority to one or more of its members. The member to whom such authority is delegated must report any pre-approval decisions to our audit and finance committee at its next scheduled meeting.

 

All of the services set forth above in the categories “audit-related fees,” “tax fees” and “all other fees” were pre-approved and none were approved by our audit and finance committee pursuant to Rule 2-01(c)(7)(i)(C), of Regulation S-X, which relates to the approval of ade minimisamount of non-audit services after the fact but before completion of the audit.

 

The affirmative vote of a majority of the shares represented and entitled to vote on this matter is required for the approval of this proposal.

Our board of directors unanimously recommends that you voteFORratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2018. The affirmative vote by the holders of a majority of the votes cast in person or by proxy on this matter is required for the approval of this proposal.2020.

 

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AUDIT AND FINANCE COMMITTEE REPORT

 

The Audit and Finance Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Audit Committee”) of Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (the “Company”), which consists entirely of directors who meet the independence and experience requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission and The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, has furnished the following report:

The Audit Committee assistsoversees the Company’s Board of Directors in overseeingaccounting, auditing and monitoring the integrity of the Company’s financial reporting process, financial risk assessment and management process and for monitoring compliance with legalcertain regulatory and regulatory requirements related to financial reporting andcompliance matters, on behalf of the qualityBoard of internal controls and external audit processes. The Audit Committee’s roles and responsibilities are set forth in a written charter, which is available onDirectors. Management of the Company’s websitewww.vrtx.comunder “Investors—Corporate Governance—Governance Documents.” Among its duties, the Audit CommitteeCompany is responsible for recommending topreparing the Company’s Board of Directors that the Company’s financial statements, be included infor establishing and maintaining adequate internal financial and disclosure controls, and for the Company’s Annual Report on Form  10-K. As a basis for that recommendation, the Audit Committee engaged in the following activities. First, the Audit Committee discussed withpublic reporting process. Ernst & Young LLP (“Ernst & Young”), the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, is responsible for 2017, those matters thatexpressing an opinion on the conformity of the Company’s audited financial statements with generally accepted accounting principles and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

The Audit Committee reviewed and discussed the Company’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 with Ernst & Young is required to communicate to and discuss withthe Company’s management and Ernst & Young’s audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the Audit Committee has discussed with Ernst & Young the matters that are required to be discussed by the applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) Auditing Standard No. 16,Communications with Audit Committees, which included information regarding(the “PCAOB”) and the scope and results of the audit.SEC. These communications and discussions are intended to assist the Audit Committee in overseeing the financial reporting and disclosure process. Second, the

The Audit Committee discussed with Ernst & Young the firm’s independence, andalso has received from Ernst & Young the written disclosures and the letter concerning independence as required by Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Ethics and Independence Rule 3526 (Communicationthe applicable requirements of the PCAOB regarding Ernst & Young’s communications with Audit Committees Concerning Independence). This discussion and disclosure informed the Audit Committee of Ernst & Young’s relationships with the Companyregarding independence, and was designed to assist the Audit Committee in considering Ernst & Young’s independence. Finally, the Audit Committee reviewed andhas discussed with Ernst & Young the firm’s independence. The Audit Committee has also concluded that Ernst & Young’s provision of audit and non-audit services to the Company is compatible with Ernst & Young’s independence from the Company’s management, the Company’s audited consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017,Audit Committee and the Company’s consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity and noncontrolling interest, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2017, including the notes thereto.

Management of the Company is responsible for the consolidated financial statements and reporting process, including: establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule  13a-15(e)); establishing and maintaining internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)); evaluating the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures; evaluating the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting; and evaluating any change in internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting. The independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for expressing an opinion on the conformity of these consolidated financial statements with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, as well as expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.

During 2017, management tested and evaluated the Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting in response to the requirements set forth in Section  404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related regulations. At the conclusion of the process, management provided the Audit Committee with a report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, which the Audit Committee reviewed. The Audit Committee also reviewed the report of management contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as Ernst & Young’s Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. The latter reports relate to Ernst & Young’s audit of (i) the consolidated financial statements and (ii) the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.management.

 

Based on (i)the review and discussions with Ernst & Young concerning the audit and the consolidated financial statements, (ii) the independence discussions, (iii) discussions with the Company’s management concerning the consolidated financial statements, and (iv) such other matters deemed relevant and appropriate by the Audit Committee,noted above, the Audit Committee recommended to the Company’s Board of Directors that the consolidatedaudited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 be included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for filing with the year ended December 31, 2017.SEC. This report is provided by the following independent directors, who comprise the Audit Committee:

 

Terrence C. Kearney ((Chair)Chair

)
Lloyd Carney
Alan Garber
Yuchun Lee

Bruce I. Sachs

 

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED - 20182020 Proxy Statement     4035

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Item 5Proposal No. 3:

Advisory Vote to Approve Named Executive Officer Compensation

 

Our compensation program is designed to attract, retain and motivate talented and experienced individuals across all areas of our business and to align the interests of our executive officers with the interests of our shareholders as we seek to create value through the discovery, development and commercialization of transformative medicines.

 

In 2017, we2019, our annual advisory vote on executive compensation received support from 83%approximately 96% of our shareholders on our say-on-pay proposal,the shares represented and we believe all of our ten largest shareholders supported this proposal.entitled to vote at the 2019 annual meeting. We believe this support is consistent with our long-term shareholders’ understanding of our business model and the long-term value we are creating. We plan on continuingto continue a high level of shareholder engagement with our shareholders regarding executive compensation. In 2017, we held discussions regarding executive compensation with shareholders representing approximately 75% of our outstanding stock.

 

Our focus is and continues to be maintaining the strong link between our compensation programs and our ability to continue to develop transformative medicines while delivering sustained company performance, with approximately 90% of our NEOnamed executive officer compensation linked to performance. Our board of directors and MDCC reviewedroutinely review our compensation programs and made the following key decisions with respect to 20172019 compensation:

 

	We maintained the same compensation program that we implemented in 2016,negotiated an employment agreement with Dr. Reshma Kewalramani, who became our CEO and President on April 1, 2020, which we believe closely ties pay with performanceprovides for a base salary of $1.15 million, a target cash bonus of 120% of base salary and has contributed to our short- and long-term successesa target equity level of $11 million.
	We negotiated a new employment agreement with Dr. Jeffrey Leiden designed to retain him for a three year period as he transitions from the role of Chief Executive Officer and President to the role of Executive Chairman with decreasing compensation over the three-year period.
	The company’s exceptional performance in 2017,2019 resulted in a leading rating (a company rating of 148(150 out of a potential 150) for 20172019 and annual cash bonuses near the high end of the range for 2017,2019, commensurate with thisthe performance described above.
	Our CEO’sDuring Dr. Leiden’s tenure as CEO, his salary has beenhad remained unchanged at $1.3 million since 2014, and is alignedin alignment with the median CEO paybase salary of our peer companiescompanies. We increased the base salaries of certain of our executive vice presidents based on a comparative analysis with our peer group and their contributions to the company.
	The target cash bonus of 120% for our CEO has not changed since 2012. In 2019, we increased the target cash bonus for our executive vice presidents from 50% to 70% based on a comparative analysis with our peer group.
	In 2019, we maintained the CEO’s target equity level at $12 million and increased our executive vice president target equity level from $3.5 million to $4.0 million based on a comparative analysis with our peer group.
	We continued utilization of aadjusted the mix of equity that consistswith 50% consisting of performance stock units that vest solely upon achievement of rigorous performance goals stock options that only have value if our stock price appreciates and 50% consisting of time-vesting restricted stock units that reward stock price appreciation but also serve as a long-term retention tooltool.

 

Our executive compensation program, including our performance and the compensation earned byof our named executive officers, is discussed in greater detail in theCompensation Discussion and Analysissection beginning on page 4539 of this proxy statement. In that section, we discuss our executive compensation program and policies and explain the compensation decisions relating to our named executive officers for 2017, which resulted in significant decreases in the amounts reported in comparison to prior years. Our focus remains on maintaining the strong link between our compensation programs and our ability to continue to develop transformative medicines while delivering sustained revenues and earnings growth.

 

Based uponAs required by Section 14A of the Exchange Act, our board of directors is asking that shareholders cast a vote of shareholders at the 2017 annual meeting of shareholders, following our board’s recommendation for an annualnon-binding, advisory vote to approve executive compensation, we are presenting the following proposal, which gives you as a shareholder the opportunity to endorse or not endorse our 2017 executive compensation program by voting for or againstFOR the following resolution:

 

RESOLVED, that the shareholders approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of our named executive officers, as disclosed inpursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, section, the Compensation and Equity Tables and the related narrative executive compensation disclosures contained in this proxy statement.statement, is hereby APPROVED.

 

While theThe vote on this resolution is advisory in nature, and therefore will not bind us to take any particular action,binding on the board. However, our MDCC and board intend to consider carefully the outcome of the shareholder vote resulting from the proposal in makingwhen considering future decisions regarding our executive compensation program.program matters. We will hold an annual advisory, non-binding vote of our shareholders on the compensation of our named executive officers. The next shareholder vote on the frequency of such advisory vote is expected to be held at the 2023 annual meeting of shareholders.

 

Our board of directors unanimously recommends that you voteFORthe approval of the resolution set forth above. The affirmative vote by the holders of a majority of the votes cast in person or by proxy on this matter is required for the approval of this proposal.

 

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Item 6

Shareholder Proposal Regarding Report on Drug Pricing

We expect the following shareholder proposal will be presented for consideration at the 2018 annual meeting of shareholders. Our board of directors recommends a vote AGAINST the shareholder proposal for the reasons set forth following the proposal.

THE SHAREHOLDER PROPOSAL

Trinity Health, 766 Brady Avenue, Apartment 635, Bronx, NY 10462, the owner of at least $2,000 worth of shares of our common stock as of December 5, 2017 and the Sisters of the Humility of Mary, Villa Maria Community Center, Villa Maria, Pennsylvania 16155, the owner of 190 shares of our common stock as of December 27, 2017, have given notice that one or both of them intends to present for action at the 2018 annual meeting of shareholders the following resolution:

RESOLVED that shareholders of Vertex Pharmaceuticals (“Vertex”) ask the Board of Directors to report to shareholders by December 31, 2018, at reasonable cost and omitting confidential or proprietary information, on the risks to Vertex from rising pressure to contain U.S. prescription drug prices, including the likelihood and potential impact of those risks as applied to Vertex, the steps Vertex is taking to mitigate or manage those risks and the Board’s oversight role. The report should address risks created by payer cost-effectiveness analysis, patient access concerns, outcomes-based pricing, and price sensitivity of prescribers, payers and patients.

SUPPORTING STATEMENT

Prescription drug pricing is an urgent and high-visibility public policy issue. National media outlets tell stories of patients delaying treatment or ending up homeless due to drug costs. (E.g., http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/03/15/520110742/as-drug-costs-soar-people-delay-or-skip-cancer-treatments; https://www.consumerreports.org/drugs/cure-for-high-drug-prices/) Outrage greeted Turing Pharmaceuticals’ massive increase in the price of an older AIDS drug and Mylan’s skyrocketing EpiPen price tag. (http://money.cnn.com/2016/08/25/news/economy/daraprim-aids-drug-high-price/index.html)

In a 2017 Kaiser Family Foundation poll, “lowering the cost of prescription drugs” was identified as a top health care priority for the President and Congress by over 60% of Democrats and Republicans, and 58% of independents. (https://www.kff.org/report-section/kaiser-health-tracking-poll-late-april-2017-the-future-of-the-aca-and-health-care-the-budget-rx-drugs/) In October 2017, California began requiring companies to notify regulators when they intend to raise the price of a drug by 16% or more over two years and explain why the increase is necessary. (http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/10/04/551013546/california-bill-would-compel-drugmakers-to-justify-price-hikes)

In July, Vertex increased the price of its combination drug Orkambi by five percent, costing $273,000 before discounts. (https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/news/2017/07/13/vertex-inks-another-reimbursement-deal-in-europe.html) Some business analysts have noted that the pricing practices of rare disease drug manufacturers may be facing more pushback as some payers are limiting coverage of high-cost medicines from other pharmaceutical companies.

As an example, theToronto Globe and Mailreported that the “Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies has recommended, on two occasions, against public funding for Orkambi, saying there is not enough evidence of a significant clinical benefit weighed against the cost of the twice-a-day tablet regime”. (https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/british-columbia/provinces-reject-price-negotiations-for-orkambi-cystic-fibrosis-drug/article37069868/)

The disclosure requested by this Proposal will allow shareholders to better assess the risks created by Vertex’s pricing strategy in the current environment. We urge shareholders to vote for this proposal.

YOUR COMPANY’S RESPONSE

Our board of directors recommends a vote AGAINST the shareholder proposal requesting a report on the risks to our company from rising pressure to contain U.S. prescription drug prices.

We are committed to creating transformative drugs for patients with serious diseases, and we believe that each of our approved products is an excellent example of the benefit that we can deliver to patients, providers and families of those affected by CF. Our goal is to ensure access to our medicines, return value to our shareholders and fuel the development of additional transformative medicines for the future.

KALYDECO, ORKAMBI and SYMDEKO are the only medicines that address the underlying cause of CF and KALYDECO and ORKAMBI have shown broad and sustained systemic benefits to patients with CF. The price of our products reflects many factors, including the relative benefit it provides to patients, the substantial time and cost it took to develop, the small number of patients eligible for treatment with each product and our ongoing commitment to invest in additional medicines for patients with CF and other diseases. The price balances the need for patient access, while garnering a fair return for our shareholders and ensuring sufficient investment in the discovery and development of future transformative medicines.

As part of our commitment to providing patients with access to our medicines, we have a comprehensive product support program that includes financial assistance for eligible patients. We provide one-on-one support to help patients with health insurance understand and navigate their health plans and the majority of our patients incur low out of pockets costs. Additionally, we provide co-pay assistance for eligible commercially insured patients that enroll in our product support program.  For patients without health insurance who meet certain income and other eligibility criteria, we provide products for no charge.

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We are in a high risk/high return industry. A very small percentage of the potential medicines investigated by biotechnology companies make it through the arduous research, development and regulatory process to be approved for patient use by the FDA, and only a small percentage of these approved medicines bring in enough revenue to recoup the average cost of development. As a result, the very few drug candidates that receive FDA approval and become commercially successful must support the entire research and development enterprise. Since our incorporation in 1989, the vast majority of our expenses have been related to our research and development efforts, with a small portion of our expenses allocated to sales and marketing. We have spent approximately $11 billion for research and development for drug candidates for the treatment of CF, as well as several other disease areas, including HCV infection and HIV infection.

With respect to specific disclosure of the risks intended to be captured in the report requested by the proponent, we believe we have made adequate reference in our periodic reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. For example, our annual report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 15, 2018, includes prominent risk factors referencing these risks, including a risk factor entitled “Government and other third-party payors seek to contain costs of health care through legislative and other means. If they fail to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement rates for our products, our revenues will be harmed.”

As such, we believe proponent’s requested report will not benefit our shareholders and will divert the time and attention of management and the board from our strategic initiatives and operations.

For all of the above reasons our board of directors recommends that you vote AGAINST the shareholder proposal regarding a report on drug pricing. The affirmative vote by the holders of a majority of the votes cast in person or by proxy on this matter is required for the approval of this proposal.

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Item 7No. 4:

Shareholder Proposal Regarding Lobbying

 

We expect the following shareholder proposal will be presented for consideration at the 20182020 annual meeting of shareholders. Our board of directors unanimously recommends a vote AGAINST thethis shareholder proposal for the reasons set forth following the proposal.

 

THE SHAREHOLDER PROPOSAL

 

Friends Fiduciary Corporation, 1650 Arch1700 Market Street, Suite 1904,1535, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, an owner of at least 600$2,000 worth of shares of our common stock as of December 13, 201720, 2019 has given notice that it intends to present for action at the 2018our 2020 annual meeting of shareholders the following resolution:

 

WHEREAS,, we believe in full disclosure of our company’s direct and indirect lobbying activities and expenditures to assess whether Vertex’s lobbying is consistent with its expressed goals and in the best interests of shareholders.

 

RESOLVED,, the shareholders of Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (“Vertex”) request the preparation of a report, updated annually, disclosing:

 

1.	Company policy and procedures governing lobbying, both direct and indirect, and grassroots lobbying communications.
2.	Payments by Vertex used for (a) direct or indirect lobbying or (b) grassroots lobbying communications, in each case including the amount of the payment and the recipient.
3.	Vertex’s membership in and payments to any tax-exempt organization that writes and endorses model legislation.
4.	Description of the decision making process and oversight by management and the Board for making payments described in section 2 and 3 above.

 

For purposes of this proposal, a “grassroots lobbying communication” is a communication directed to the general public that (a) refers to specific legislation or regulation, (b) reflects a view on the legislation or regulation and (c) encourages the recipient of the communication to take action with respect to the legislation or regulation. “Indirect lobbying” is lobbying engaged in by a trade association or other organization of which Vertex is a member.

 

Both “direct and indirect lobbying” and “grassroots lobbying communications” include efforts at the local, state and federal levels.

 

The report shall be presented to the Audit Committee or other relevant oversight committees and posted on Vertex’s website.

 

SUPPORTING STATEMENT

 

We encourage transparency in the use of corporate funds to influence legislation and regulation, both directly and indirectly. Vertex spent $2.7over $3 million in 20152017 and 20162018 on federal lobbying (opensecrets.org)(opensecrets. org). This figure does not include lobbying expenditures to influence legislation in states, where Vertex also lobbies but disclosure is uneven or absent. For example, Vertex had 120133 lobbyists in 3533 states in 2016 (http://www.followthemoney.org/)2018 (followthemoney.org), and has spent $306,346over $290,000 on lobbying in California in 2015 and 2016.2017-2018. Vertex’s lobbying on drug prices in Canada has attracteddrawn media attention (“Why One Expensive Drug Could Get B.C. OK, But Not Another,Is Big Pharma Getting ‘Patient Advocates’ to Do Its Lobbying Work?”Times ColonistThe Daily Beast, November 24, 2017)April 6, 2018), as has its federal lobbying (“Drugmakers Dramatically Boosted Lobbying Spending in Trump’s First Quarter,”Salon, April 22, 2017).

 

Vertex is listed as a member of the Biotechnology Innovation Organization, which spent $17.58$19.26 million on lobbying in 20152017 and 2016.2018. Vertex does not disclose its trade association memberships, nor payments and the portions used for lobbying.

 

Transparent reporting would reveal whether company assets are being used for objectives contrary to Vertex’s long-term interests. We are concerned that Vertex’s lack of lobbying disclosures, including lobbying done indirectly by trade associations and other organizations, and any potential negative publicity for opposing drug price initiatives, may present reputational risks for Vertex.

 

YOUR COMPANY’COMPANY’S RESPONSE

 

Our board of directors recommends a vote AGAINST thethis shareholder proposal to prepare a report on our policies and activities with respect to lobbying.proposal.

 

We engage with public policymakers, where legal and appropriate, when we believe it will serve the best interests of our company, our shareholders, employees, patients and other stakeholders. Vertex recognizes the importance of sound public policy in supporting our mission to create transformative medicines for people with serious diseases.

Our board acknowledges the interests of shareholders in information about our participation in the political process. Our board is informed on Vertex’s public policy activities, including political spending and lobbying, through periodic reports on our public policy and lobbying activities from management. Our Executive Vice President and Chief Patient Officer and Vice President of Government Affairs and Public Policy additionally are responsible for all corporate political contributions and review each one to ensure alignment with our mission and business priorities.

In addition, we already provide comprehensive information regarding our lobbying activities in accordance with applicable federal and state disclosure regulations, including filing quarterly reports on our federal lobbying activity in compliance with the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007. These reports are available to the public at the U.S. Senate Office of Public Records website and U.S. House of Representatives Office of the Clerk website. Lobbying disclosure rules often apply at the state and local levels. The states where we file lobbying reports may make those reports available on searchable websites.

Vertex is a member of a small number of industry and trade groups that are aligned with our business objectives, including: Biotechnology Innovation Organization, California Life Sciences Association, Texas Healthcare and Bioscience Institute, and Massachusetts Biotechnology Council. Our governmental affairs executives evaluate our participation in these organizations regularly to ensure alignment with our business priorities. While we may not always agree with the positions taken by these organizations and/or its members, we are committed to participating in the discussions.

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The associations and coalitions to which we belong perform many valuable functions. Lobbying is not the primary focus of these entities, but it is an element of their role, andfunctions beyond lobbying; indeed, only a small portion of the dues that we and other members payare paid to such organizations may be partiallyare used in their sole discretion, to engage in certain lobbying activities. We do not direct, nor have discretion over, how these funds are used. Accordingly, our board believes that additional disclosures regarding payments to these trade associations would not necessarilyneither convey any additional, valuable information, nor present an accurate reflection of our positions on certain public policy issues.

 

Our board acknowledgesIn light of the interests of shareholders in information about our participation in the political process. However,above, our board believes that the proposal’s additional detailed reporting obligation would be duplicative of existing disclosures and that it would impose an unnecessary administrative burden and expense on the company when sufficient disclosure already exists.

For all of the above reasons our board of directors recommends that you vote AGAINST the shareholder proposal regarding a report on lobbying activities. The affirmative vote by the holders of a majority of the votes cast in person or by proxyshares represented and entitled to vote on this matter is required for the approval of this proposal.

 

For all of the above reasons our board of directors unanimously recommends that you voteAGAINSTthis shareholder proposal.

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COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

 

Letter from Management Development and Compensation Committee to Our Shareholders

 

Dear Fellow Shareholder,Shareholders,

 

The Management Development and Compensation Committee’s stewardship of Vertex’s compensation programs is guided by Vertex’s mission of developing transformative medicines for people with serious diseases and by so doing, creating superior value for our shareholders. Toward that end, we have designed the company’s compensation programs to closely align management’s incentives with Vertex’s strategic long- and short-term goals and with the interests of Vertex’s shareholders. ThisWe believe that this alignment has contributed to Vertex’s remarkable accomplishments over the last several years as it has significantly increased the number of patients benefiting from its revenues significantlymedicines each year, built itsestablished a strong financial strength, advancedposition with significant increases in revenues, operating margins and cash flows, accelerated the advancement of its pipeline of small molecule drug candidates and continuedadded a new set of cutting edge cell and genetic therapies all in accordance with its core strategy of investing in scientific innovation to execute its business strategy.create transformative medicines for people with serious diseases. These accomplishments have been recognized by the company’s shareholders and have been reflected in the increasing value that the company’s shareholders have attributed to the company. Vertex’s market capitalization has increased by more than 400% from approximately $7 billion in early 2012 to more than $40over $56 billion in early 2018. In 2017, Vertex wasat the number three performing stock on the S&P 500.end of 2019.

 

We take seriously our role in the governance of compensation programs and the importance of attracting and retaining critical executive talent as the company continues to expand and operate in an increasingly complex industry.talent. The success of the company and the execution of Vertex’s business strategy over the last several years has depended upon the stability and operational excellence of our senior executive team. We also carefully considerIn 2018 and incorporate2019, our committee, together with the views expressed by the company’s shareholders into our thinking, transitioning Vertex’s equity program from a share-based program to a value-based approach in 2016, based on the progressionother members of the companyBoard of Directors, focused on a deliberate and input from shareholders.comprehensive succession planning resulting in the appointment of Dr. Reshma Kewalramani as Vertex’s CEO and President and the appointment of Dr. Jeffrey Leiden in the new role of Executive Chairman in April 2020.

 

In 2017, Vertex had2019 was a remarkable and seminal year asin the execution of the Vertex business strategy. Vertex obtained early approval for TRIKAFTA (5 months ahead of its PDUFA date) a breakthrough medicine that Vertex believes will allow it became profitable, continued to increase revenues, managed operating expensestreat up to 90% of patients with CF globally at high levels of efficacy. Vertex also significantly expanded access to its approved medicines by obtaining new reimbursement agreements in multiple countries, including England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, France, Spain and advanced numerous programs as potential treatments forAustralia. The research and development team significantly expanded the Vertex pipeline through both CFinternal research and non-CF diseases, positioning itself for continued growth.strategic investment in external innovation. Finally, the company delivered particularly strong financial results, exceeding revenue targets by more than $500 million. This success in 20172019 reflects both the company’s exceptional execution in 20172019 and the overall corporate strategy that the company’s core management team has championed since 2012.

 

As a result ofConsistent with these exceptional accomplishments,outstanding results, for 2019 our executives received higherabove-target cash bonuses for 2017 performance than they received for 2016 performance. In addition, our executives received above targetand payouts on the performance stock unit awards granted in early 2017 that were tied to Vertex CF product revenues.based both on one-year business and financial goals and three-year research and development goals. We believe these outcomes are aligned with our commitment to linking pay to performance. Looking ahead, we will continue to focus on maintaining the strong link between Vertex’s compensation programs and execution of its long- and short-term strategic objectives.corporate strategy. Central to these objectives and continuing to develop transformative medicines to treat serious diseases while delivering sustained revenues and earnings growthexecuting our corporate strategy is our ability to attract and retain a stable and highly-functioning senior executive team.

 

Sincerely,

 

Bruce I. Sachs ((Chair)Chair

)
Terrence C. Kearney

Elaine S. Ullian

Yuchun Lee
William D. Young

 

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Executive SummaryOverview

 

By any measure, 2017 was a remarkable year for Vertex as we continueThis section discusses the principles underlying our policies and decisions with respect to execute on our strategy of investing in cystic fibrosis scientific innovation to create transformative medicines for people with serious diseases. With near-30 percent growth in revenues and disciplined managementthe compensation of our operating expenses,“named executive officers” and all material factors we have establishedbelieve are relevant to an analysis of these policies and decisions. Our named executive officers (or “NEOs”) for 2019 are listed below. Our NEOs for 2019 include a foundation of financial strengthformer executive officer. However, general references below to fuel“our NEOs” relate solely to our innovation enginecontinuing NEOs and growth for the future. In CF, we continue to develop new and better medicines to treat more people with this devastating disease, and, with the announcement of the start of our triple combination regimen trials, are more confident than ever that we willshould be able to treat up to 90 percent of people with CF in the near future. Outside of CF, we have made significant progress in advancing our research and development efforts in other serious diseases, including pain, alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency and, with our partner CRISPR, sickle cell disease. With these advances, we have enhanced our proven track record of serially innovating for patients waiting for new therapies. As we enter 2018, we are financially strong and well positioned to grow revenues, deliver expanding operating margins, and deliver long-term shareholder value.interpreted accordingly.

Name	Position
Jeffrey M. Leiden	Executive Chairman (Chief Executive Officer and President until March 31, 2020)
Reshma Kewalramani	Chief Executive Officer and President (Executive Vice President, Chief Medical Officer until March 31, 2020)
Charles F. Wagner, Jr.	Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Stuart A. Arbuckle	Executive Vice President, Chief Commercial Officer
Amit Sachdev	Executive Vice President and Chief Patient Officer
Paul M. Silva	Senior Vice President and Corporate Controller (Interim CFO for a portion of 2019)
Ian F. Smith	Former Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer (Interim CFO for a portion of 2019)

 

Financial Performance

 

Our CF medicines, KALYDECO,TRIKAFTA, SYMDEKO/SYMKEVI, ORKAMBI and SYMDEKO, which took more than 15 years to discover and develop,KALYDECO, are now transforming the lives of eligible patients around the globe and driving our financial performance. In 2017, we increased our revenues, managed our operating expenses and established sustainable profitability on a GAAP and Non-GAAP basis for the first time.

 

	We exceeded our CF net product revenue guidance by $265 million,  or 14% ($2.17 billion as compared to the mid-point of our CF net product revenue guidance of $1.9 billion)
	Our CF net product revenues increased to $2.17$4.16 billion in 2019, up 29% as compared to 2016, and we are positioned to further increase CF net product revenues by an additional 25% in 201837% from 2018.
	We increased ourOur GAAP net cash position by approximately $950 million, or 84%, to approximately $2.1income was $1.2 billion and we expect to continue generating substantial cash flows in 20182019.
	We went from a GAAP net loss of $112 million in 2016 to GAAP net income of $263 million in 2017
	Our non-GAAP net income increased to $495 million, up $283 million, or 134%, from 2016,$1.4 billion in 2019, driven by our increased net product revenues (a reconciliation of non-GAAP net(Appendix A provides a Non-GAAP reconciliation).
	We increased income is providedfrom operations by $562 million, or 89%, in Appendix D)2019 compared to 2018.
	We invested approximately $1.6 billion in external innovation in 2019 and also increased our total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities by approximately $0.6 billion to approximately $3.8 billion.
	In 2020, we expect to further increase CF product revenues by 25% or more.

 

 

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CF PipelineCystic Fibrosis

 

Advances in our pipeline and disciplined execution of our strategic executionstrategy have moved us closer to our goal of delivering highly-effectivehighly effective treatments to all patients with CF. In January 2012, KALYDECO was first approved to treat approximately 1,000 patients with the G551D mutation.mutation in the United States. Since then, we have followed a focused strategy of developing new medicines for CF andon expanding the number of patients eligible for our medicines and today 34,000seeking improved treatment options for all patients. Approximately 46,000 patients are now eligible for our medicines around the world. TRIKAFTA, our triple-combination therapy, was approved and launched in the United States in October 2019 five months ahead of its PDUFA date. In 2019, we also successfully negotiated reimbursement agreements for our approved CF medicines in multiple countries, including England, France, Australia, Spain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, which allowed us to expand access to our medicines to approximately 9,000 new patients around the worldworld. In 2020, we are eligible to receive onefocused on obtaining approval and reimbursement for our triple-combination therapy in ex-U.S. markets and evaluating this triple-combination therapy in younger patients around the world. We are also pursuing genetic therapies for the remaining 10% of CF patients who may not be helped by our approvedcurrent CF medicines.

 

*	There are a significant number of patients who are eligible for more than one of our medicines, but CF patients may only be prescribed one of our medicines at a time.

 

Since the beginning of 2017, we:2019:

 

	Obtained positive Phase 3 dataWe obtained approval in October 2019 from the FDA for SYMDEKO (tezacaftor in combinationTRIKAFTA for treatment of patients with ivacaftor) in early 2017CF 12 years of age and older who have at least oneF508delmutation five months ahead of our PDUFA date - representing one of the fastest FDA approvals of any medicine.
	AchievedTRIKAFTA was developed very rapidly and approved within four years after the first synthesis of elexacaftor, which is the final component of the triple combination regimen.
	We submitted a MAA to the European Medicines Agency, or EMA, which has been validated, for the triple combination of elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor in patients 12 years of age and older.
	We are conducting a Phase 3 clinical trial evaluating elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor and ivacaftor in children 6 to 11 years of age who have twoF508delmutations or oneF508delmutation and one minimal function mutation.
	We obtained a positive opinion from the EMA’s Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use for KALYDECO for infants as young as six months old.
	We obtained approval for KALYDECO in the United States and European Union for infants 6 to <12 months of age.
	We obtained approval for SYMDEKO in the United States in February 2018for children 6 to 11 years of age.
	AppliedWe obtained reimbursement of ORKAMBI and/or SYMDEKO/SYMKEVI for European regulatory approval of tezacaftor in combination with ivacaftor in July 2017 with approval expected in the second half of 2018
	Obtained authorization to market ORKAMBI in the European Union for patients 6-11 years of age in January 2018
	Received approvals to market KALYDECO for approximately 1,500 additional CFeligible patients in the United States with residual function mutations in May 2017several important ex-U.S. markets, including England, France, Australia and August 2017
	Obtained positive Phase 3 data for KALYDECO for patients 1 to 2 years of age in December 2017
	Obtained highly-positive Phase 2 data for four triple combination regimens, each of which contained different next-generation correctors in combination with tezacaftor and ivacaftor, from mid-2017 through early 2018
	Accelerated initiation of the Phase 3 development program for VX-659 in combination with tezacaftor and ivacaftor, which started in February 2018
	Positioned ourselves to initiate a Phase 3 clinical development program for VX-445 in a triple combination regimen in mid-2018Spain.

With the start of our triple combination regimen Phase 3 clinical trials, we believe we are well-positioned to treat up to 90% of CF patients with medicines that target the underlying cause of their disease.

 

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Non-CF PipelineResearch and Development

 

Over the last decade, we have demonstrated an abilityWe invest in research and development in order to serially discover and develop multiple groundbreakingtransformative medicines for people with serious diseases. Our strategy is to combine transformative advances in the understanding of human disease with innovations in the science of therapeutics in order to identify and develop new medicines. Historically, our approach to drug discovery focused on the research and development of small molecule drugs. This approach has been validated through our success in moving novel small molecule drug candidates into clinical trials and obtaining marketing approvals for five transformative medicines in different diseases.the past decade. In 2017,2019, we and our collaborators have continued our serial innovation, advancing promising non-CF programs for importanthad novel medicines in clinical trials in five diseases includingin addition to CF — AAT, APOL1-mediated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, or FSGS, pain, sickle cell disease alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency, polycystic kidney disease and influenza. Specifically, sincebeta-thalassemia. Over the last several years, we have expanded our research and development capabilities to include additional innovative therapeutic approaches with a focus on cell and genetic therapies.

Small Molecule Programs

Since the beginning of 2017,2019, we have:advanced several promising small molecule programs:

 

	Obtained the first clinical proof-of-concept fromAAT Deficiency:We initiated a Phase 2 proof-of-concept clinical trial evaluatingfor VX-814, our first investigational oral small molecule corrector for the treatment of AAT deficiency, in order to evaluate VX-814 in patients with AAT deficiency who have two copies of the Z mutation. A Phase 1 clinical trial of VX-864, a NaV1.8 inhibitor as a potentialsecond investigational small molecule corrector for the treatment for chronic painof AAT deficiency, is ongoing in January 2017 (VX-150 is our lead non-opioid NaV1.8 inhibitor)healthy volunteers.
	ObtainedAPOL1-mediated Kidney Disease:In the fourth quarter of 2019, we completed a Phase 1 clinical proof-of-concept fromtrial evaluating VX-147, our first investigational oral small molecule for the treatment of FSGS, and other serious kidney diseases, in healthy volunteers. We plan to initiate a second Phase 2 proof-of-concept clinical trial of VX-150 as a potential treatment for acute pain in February 20182020 to evaluate the reduction in protein levels with VX-147 in FSGS patients.
	InitiatedPain:We initiated clinical development of a Phase 1 clinical trialnovel NaV1.8 inhibitor for the treatment of VX-128, a second non-opioid sodium channel inhibitor,pain in December 2017early 2020.
	ExecutedInfluenza:Our collaborator, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., is continuing to evaluate pimodivir, a co-developmentcompound we licensed to them in 2014, in Phase 3 clinical trials as a potential treatment for influenza A.

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Cell and Genetic Therapies

In 2019, we advanced our pipeline of potentially transformative cell and genetic therapies through the advancement of our clinical programs and the acquisition of potentially transformative preclinical programs and technology platforms.

	Sickle Cell Disease and co-commercialization agreement with CRISPR Therapeutics AGBeta-Thalassemia:Enrollment is ongoing in Phase 1/2 clinical trials evaluating the investigational CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing therapy CTX001 for beta-thalassemia andthe treatment of severe sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia. Along with our collaborator, CRISPR, we announced positive, interim data from the first two patients with these hemoglobinopathies treated with CTX001, data that demonstrated for the first time the curative potential of CRISPR/ Cas9 gene editing for a serious genetic disease. We expect to provide additional data for this program in 2020.
	Advanced through pre-clinical development CTX001 for beta-thalassemiaDMD and sickle cell disease pursuant toDM1:We acquired Exonics Therapeutics and expanded our collaboration with CRISPR Therapeutics AG. We expectin order to initiate Phase 1/2 clinical trials in 2018support pre-clinical gene editing programs to evaluate CTX001, which will be the first, or one of the first, clinical trials to evaluate a potential CRISPR/Cas9 drug candidate.develop treatments for DMD and DM1.
	Advanced our researchType 1 diabetes:We acquired Semma Therapeutics and are advancing cell-based therapy programs as potential treatments for TID. We plan to advance this program for alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency into late-stage pre-clinicalclinical development
	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, our collaborator, initiated Phase 3 development of pimodivir as a potential treatment for influenza
	Successfully outlicensed our oncology programs to Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany in T1D patients in late 2020 or early 2021.

 

 

Increased Shareholder Value

 

Driven by our exceptional financial performance and the accelerated success of our pipeline, success in 2017:our stock price increased by 32% from $165.71 per share at the end of 2018 to $218.95 per share at the end of 2019.

 

	Our stock price increased by more than 100% from $73.67 per share to $149.86 per share
	We were the third best performing stock among the approximately 500 mid- and large-cap companies that make up the S&P 500 index

 

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Although we were pleased with our performance in 2017 was remarkable,2019, biotechnology companies are best measured over the longer-term,long term and in comparison to their peers, as opposed to in one year increments. As result of executing on a clearone-year increments and focused vision that balanced short-term and long-term goals, we have taken Vertex from a market capitalization of less than $10 billion in early 2012 when KALYDECO was first approved to over $40 billion in early 2018, creating significant value for our shareholders.

isolation. The following chart shows our total shareholder return during the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year periods ending December 31, 20172019 compared to the NBI and the following members of our peer group: Alexion, Regeneron, Biomarin,BioMarin, Gilead Celgene and Biogen. These peers are the companies we consider most similar to our companyCompany based on their business modelmodels (see page 54)pages 47 and 48).

 

 

The following chart shows our total shareholder return from the beginning of 2012, when KALYDECO was first approved, through February 2018.December 31, 2019 relative to the S&P 500 and the NBI.

 

CEO Succession

In July 2019, following two years of succession planning, we announced that the Board of Directors unanimously elected Dr. Reshma Kewalramani, the company’s then-Chief Medical Officer, to succeed Dr. Jeffrey Leiden as Chief Executive Officer and President, effective April 1, 2020. In July 2019, we also announced that Dr. Leiden would become Executive Chairman, for a three-year term, effective April 1, 2020. In his role as Executive Chairman, Dr. Leiden will focus on our business development organization, our cell and genetic therapy site and our government affairs activities, along with assisting on the transition and serving as the Chair of our Board. Bruce Sachs will continue in his role as Lead Independent Director. The Board believes this structure will help ensure continuity of strong and effective leadership.

 

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Value CreationThe election of Dr. Kewalramani was the result of a thoughtful, multi-year succession planning process led by the independent Directors. During this time frame, the Board had the opportunity to observe and Business Modelevaluate Dr. Kewalramani as a member of our executive team and to evaluate her commitment to Vertex and to our corporate strategy. The Board was impressed with Dr. Kewalramani’s business performance, depth of experience, medical and scientific knowledge, and demonstrated leadership and, therefore, elected her to lead Vertex into the future. The appointment of Dr. Kewalramani as Chief Executive Officer combined with Dr. Leiden’s appointment as Executive Chairman will provide strategic and leadership stability.

 

2019 Compensation Decisions and Pay-for Performance

In 2019, we received support from 96% of our shareholders on our say-on-pay proposal. We are committed to creating value while utilizing abelieve this support is consistent with our long-term shareholders’ understanding of our business model that focuses our investment on research and development and limits our operating expenses. As a result of this strategy, over the last six years the number of our employees has grown by approximately 15% from 2,000 to 2,300, while our market capitalization has increased more than five fold. The following chart shows our market capitalization per employee compared to our Peer Group.

 

Key Compensation Decisions

long-term value we are creating. Our focus has been and continues to be on maintaining the strong link between our compensation programs and our ability to continue to develop transformative medicines while delivering sustained company performance.Our compensation program is highly performance-based, with approximately 90% of our NEO compensation tied to performanceperformance..

Retention of our talented core of executives is likewise critical, as their outstanding performance over the last six years has led to the advancement of the company and the significant shareholder value that has been created.

The key recent decisions that our MDCC and board of directors made are as follows:as:

 

	their outstanding performance over the last eight years has led to the advancement of the company and the significant shareholder value that has been created; and
	their commitment to our corporate strategy and culture is critical as Dr. Reshma Kewalramani assumes the role of Chief Executive Officer and President and Dr. Jeffrey Leiden transitions from the role of Chief Executive Officer and President to the role of Executive Chairman.

In 2019, our board of directors and MDCC reviewed our compensation programs and made the following key decisions:

	Program Design: We maintained the same compensation program design that we implemented in 2016, which we believe closely ties pay with performance and has contributed to our short- and long-term successes.successes, while adjusting the mix of equity as described below.
	Base Salary: Our CEO’sWe negotiated an employment agreement with Dr. Reshma Kewalramani, who became our CEO and President on April 1, 2020, which provides for a base salary has beenof $1.15 million. We negotiated a new employment agreement with Dr. Jeffrey Leiden designed to retain him for a three-year period as he transitions from the role of CEO and President to the role of Executive Chairman, with decreasing compensation over the three-year period. Dr. Leiden’s salary as CEO remained unchanged at $1.3 million since 2014. His annual salary is alignedfrom 2014 through his transition to Executive Chairman in March 2020, in alignment with the median CEO paybase salary of our Peer Group. In 2017, we evaluated andpeer companies. We increased the base salarysalaries of twocertain of our other executive officers by 7% to 9%vice presidents based on a review of base salaries of peerscomparative analysis with companies in our peer group and in recognition of their roles and contributions to the company.
	Annual Cash Bonus: We maintained the target bonus of 120% of base salary for our CEO. We increased the target bonus from 50% to 70% of base salary for our executive vice presidents based on a comparative analysis with companies in our peer group. The company’s exceptional performance in 2017,2019, as described above, resulted in a leading rating (a company rating of 148150 out of a potential 150) for 20172019 and annual cash bonuses near the high end of the range for 2017,2019, commensurate with this performance.

	Long-Term Equity Program:

	–	We continued utilization of aadjusted our mix of equity, thatwhich now consists of 50% performance stock units that vest solely upon achievement of rigorous performance goals stock options that only have value if our stock price appreciates and 50% time-vesting restricted stock units that reward stock price appreciation but also serve as a retention tool. Previously, our equity mix consisted of 35% performance stock units, 35% restricted stock units and 30% stock options.
	–	In 2019, we maintained our target equity grant for Dr. Leiden, as CEO, at $12 million and increased the executive vice president target equity grants from $3.5 million to $4.0 million based on a comparative analysis with companies in our peer group. Dr. Kewalramani has a target equity grant for 2020 performance of $11 million.
	–	In early 2017,2019, the MDCC established financial and non-financial metrics for the PSUs, with payoutpayouts earned based on achievement of these metrics. 50% of the PSUs were tied to CF net product revenues in 2017,2019, while the remaining 50% are tied to specific clinical and research milestones over a three-year period.
	–	In February 2018, the MDCC certifiedWe implemented changes to our 2017 CF net product revenue (which exceeded the mid-point of our CF net product revenue guidance by more than $250 million) at the maximum level of performance established at the beginning of 2017, resultingbroad based equity compensation program that reduced dilution from this program in 200% of the target shares2019 with significant further reductions in dilution expected for our 2017 financial PSU being earned, with vesting in three equal installments in February 2018, 2019 and 2020. By comparison, in February 2017, the MDCC certified a payout of 66.5% of the target shares for our 2016 financial PSUs.

 

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2016 Program ChangesShareholder Engagement

 

In 2016, we substantially changed our equity compensation program, which decreased the value of compensation provided in the form of stock options, reduced the value of compensation delivered in the form of time-vested restricted stock, and introduced PSUs. AsWe believe that a result of these changes, the grant date fair-value of our named executive officers’ total equity compensation under the annual program decreased by approximately 40% in each of 2018, 2017 and 2016 as compared to 2015 as set forth in the chart below, which sets forth the fair value of equity compensation received by Dr. Leiden, our chief executive officer and president, and Mr. Smith, our chief operating officer. The values provided for 2018 are based on equity grants made in February 2018 based on 2017 performance.

 

The values of equity-based awards are based on our methodology for determining the grant-date fair value, including underlying assumptions for calculating these values as set forth in Note N to our consolidated financial statements included in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Dilution

Since our inception, we have compensated all eligible employees using a mix of cash and equity. The broad-based nature of our equity compensationrobust shareholder outreach program is an important elementcomponent of maintaining our overall employee compensation programstrong corporate governance practices. We strive for a collaborative approach with investors to solicit and reflects our philosophy that it is important for allunderstand a variety of our employees to approach their jobs with a long-term commitment and perspective. Over the last several years,perspectives. During 2019, we have modified our equity compensation programs. These modifications are consistent with modifications other biotechnology companies have made as they maturedsolicited feedback from development-stage companies to commercial-stage companies with a strong financial profile. As a result of these changes, we granted on an absolute basis equity awards representing 41% fewer shares of common stock in 2017 as compared to 2012 and reduced our “burn rate” by approximately 50% from 3.6% in 2012 to 1.8% in 2017.

		2012 Equity Awards		2013 Equity Awards		2014 Equity Awards		2015 Equity Awards		2016 Equity Awards		2017 Equity Awards		% Change 2012 v 2017
Total Shares Subject to Equity Awards		7,525,000		6,276,000		5,629,000		5,035,000		4,887,000		4,470,000		(41)%
Burn Rate(1)		3.6%		2.8%		2.4%		2.1%		2.0%		1.8%
Awards Canceled, Forfeited or Expired		1,644,000		2,622,000		1,628,000		1,573,000		928,000		1,107,000
Net Dilution		5,881,000		3,654,000		4,001,000		3,462,000		3,959,000		3,363,000
Net Burn Rate		2.8%		1.6%		1.7%		1.4%		1.6%		1.3%

(1)	“Burn rate” is defined as the number of equity awards granted in a specific year divided by the basic weighted average number of shares outstanding during that year.

Say-on-Pay

In 2017, we received support from 83% of our shareholders on our say-on-pay proposal, and we believe all of our ten largest shareholders supported this proposal. We believe this support is consistent with our long-term shareholders’ understanding of our business model and the long-term value we are creating. We maintain a high level of engagement and plan on continuing a high level of engagement with our shareholders regarding executive compensation. In 2017, we held discussions regarding executive compensation with shareholdersinstitutional investors representing approximately 75%60% of our outstanding stock.shares. In our discussions with investors, we seek their input on a variety of corporate governance and sustainability topics and other issues that may impact our business or reputation.

 

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Compensation Governance Practices

 

We continue to implement and maintain leading practices in our compensation program, shareholder outreach and related areas.

 

What We Do		What We Don’t Do
Caps on awards		No executive perquisites
Multiple performance factors		No supplemental pension benefits for executives
Range of awards; not all or nothing		No single-trigger vesting in connection with a change-in-control for equity awards
Compensation recoupment (clawback) policy		No hedging or pledging or speculative transactions in our securities by directors and executive officers
Balance of Short-short- and Long-term Incentiveslong-term incentives (through annual cash bonuses and equity awards)		No re-pricing of equity awards without shareholder approval
Anti-hedging policyExecutive and Non-Employee Director Stock Ownership Guidelines		No payment of dividends on unvested performance shares or units
Executive and Non-Employee Director Stock Ownership Guidelines
Policy against gross-ups
Independent compensation consultant		No 280G gross-ups
Robust shareholder outreach

 

Compensation Philosophy and Compensation Decision-Making Process

This section discusses the principles underlying our policies and decisions with respect to the compensation of our “named executive officers” and all material factors we believe are relevant to an analysis of these policies and decisions. Our named executive officers for 2017 consist of: (i) our president and chief executive officer; (ii) our chief financial officer; (iii) our chief operating officer, who was our chief financial officer for a portion of 2017; and (iv) our other three most highly compensated employees who were serving as executive officers on December 31, 2017.

Detailed Discussion and Analysis

Our named executive officers, or NEOs, for 2017 were:

Name		Position
Jeffrey M. Leiden		Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President
David M. Altshuler		Executive Vice President, Global Research and Chief Scientific Officer
Thomas Graney		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Michael Parini		Executive Vice President and Chief Legal and Administrative Officer
Amit Sachdev		Executive Vice President and Chief Regulatory Officer
Ian F. Smith		Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer

 

Compensation Philosophy

 

Our MDCC regularly reviews the elements of the individual compensation packages for our CEOchief executive officer and executive officers to achieve the following primary objectives:

 

	attract, retain and motivate talented and experienced individuals across all areas of our business;
	to align the interests of our executive officers with the interests of our shareholders as we seek to create value through the discovery, development and commercialization of transformative medicines; and
	ensure that the vast majority of compensation is performance-based.

 

Our NEOsexecutive officers have had long and varied careers and possess experiences and skills that make them extremely valuable members of our executive team and to our company as a whole. TheyThe stability and commitment of this team have been instrumental in building Vertex into the company it is today, with a leadership position in the treatment of CF, a CF pipeline of small molecule and non-CF pipelinecell and genetic therapies that have beenadvanced significantly advanced over the last several years, increasing revenues and an establisheda strong financial profile, allprofile. All of which positionsthese factors position Vertex to achieve its strategic objectives in future years.

 

Our MDCC and our board of directors seek to connect the achievement of our strategic objectives with our compensation program in a number of ways, including through detailed and measurable company goals that underlie our annual cash bonuses and the performance goals that are included in our equity awards. Our company goals involve a mix of goals relating to revenues from our current products, achievement

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of research and development objectives, our organizational capability and maintenance of our financial strength. These objectives are selected specifically because they are considered by our board to be objectivemeasurable milestones that our company must achieve if it is to maintain its significant revenue growth and sustain and increase profitability. Our MDCC and board expects to continue to seek to balance the use of financial metrics and research and development goals in order to motivate our executive team to increase revenues and manage operating expenses,achieve financial objectives, while providing appropriate incentives for our management to continue to make appropriate investments in our business.business for the long term.

 

In determining compensation, we consider compensation paid toby similar companies as reference points, but do not strictly benchmark or target compensation at any particular level. Rather, the MDCC retains flexibility to structure compensation based on good governance practices and our objectives of building our company and creating shareholder value.

 

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Compensation Decision-Making Process

 

Role of MDCC and Chief Executive Officer in Setting Executive Compensation

 

The MDCC has responsibility for overseeing the design, development and implementation of the compensation program for our chief executive officer and other NEOs.executive officers. The MDCC evaluates the performance of our chief executive officer and the performance of the other executive officers. Our chief executive officer and our human resources group assist the MDCC in evaluating the performance of our other executive officers, including the named executive officers other than the chief executive officer. Our chief executive officer does not make any recommendations to the MDCC regarding his ownCEO compensation and does not participate in the portions of MDCC meetings or meetings of the board of directors when hisCEO compensation is discussed and determined.

 

The members of the MDCC, each of whom is an independent director, together with the other independent directors, make final compensation decisions for the CEO’schief executive officer and other executive officers’ compensation levelsofficers based on these assessments.

 

Role of Compensation Consultant

 

The MDCC (i) is directly responsible for the appointment and oversight of its compensation consultants, (ii) has the authority to determine the fees that we pay for services provided by such compensation consultants and (iii) prior to engaging any compensation consultant, considers applicable factors potentially affecting the independence of the compensation consultant, including the factors set forth in Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5605(d)(3).

 

Annually, the MDCC has engagedengages a compensation consultant to conduct an analysis of all elements of compensation paid to our executive officers, including our NEOs,officer compensation compared to similar elements paid to similarly situated executives at companies in our peer group and to provide a written report and presentation of findings at the meeting of the MDCC that occurs in Julythe summer each year. In 2017,2019, the MDCC selected Pearl Meyer as its compensation consultant to conduct and present this analysis to the MDCC.

 

Pearl Meyer only provides, and is compensated for, advice provided to us at the direction of the MDCC. The MDCC considered the following information provided to it by Pearl Meyer:

 

	Pearl Meyer’s policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest;
	that fees paid by us to Pearl Meyer represent less than 1% of Pearl Meyer’s total annual revenues;
	the absence of business and personal relationships between the compensation consultant and the MDCC or any of our executive officers; and
	that Pearl Meyer’s partners, consultants and employees who provide services to the MDCC, and their immediate family members, do not own shares of our common stock.

 

Based on these, and other factors considered by the MDCC, the MDCC determined that Pearl Meyer’s work did not raise a conflict of interest.

 

Use of Peer Group Companies

 

In order to make judgments about elements of executive compensation on a competitive basis, the MDCC and our board of directors considers information about the compensation practices of a representative group of companies with whom we compete for executive talent, or our Peer Group. We conduct a detailed analysis to select companies for this Peer Group on the basis of similarity and complexity of business model. Selecting a peer group for our company is difficult because of the limited number of companies that are at a similar stage of development and our level of revenues. As a result, we use a mix of quantitative and qualitative factors in order to establish our peers, including the following:

 

Factor Considered		What We Look For
Similar industry		Biotechnology or pharmaceutical industry
Importance of medicines to patients and society		Transformative medicines for serious diseases; therapeutics for unmet needs
Recognized focus on innovation		Breakthrough Therapy designations, priority review and/or other markers indicating unmet need
Global operations		Significant operations outside the U.S.
Commercial operations		Marketing and selling approved medicines
Significant R&D investment		Greater than $1B or 25% of revenue
Number of employees		Greater than 750 employees
Market capitalization and significance to broader economy		Market cap at least ¼ our size and/or inclusion on S&P 500 or NASDAQ 100
Labor market competitor		Companies we compete with for executive talent
Companies that use Vertex as a peer		Inclusion of Vertex in proxy reported peer group

 

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WeAlthough we consider revenue but it is notas a factor, we do not emphasize becauseit, as we do not believe revenue adequately reflectsit is an adequate reflection of whether companies have a similar business model similarity or complexity in the biotechnology industry.particularly at our stage of maturity. A company with similar revenues may not have global or commercial operations like we have, noror it may it focus on innovative therapies, but rather on generic medicines which we believe resultsrather than innovative therapies; either of these factors would result in a different business model requiring lessthat required a relatively smaller investment in research and development investment.development. Moreover, companies with similar revenues may not focus on innovative therapies such as those designated as Breakthrough Therapies by the FDA, a designation

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which can expedite the development and review of medicines that are intended to treat serious conditions where preliminary clinical evidence indicates that the medicine may demonstrate substantial improvement over available therapy. As a result, we believe the factors listed above provide a better way to assess similarity versus a reliance on the combination of revenue and industry. We also note that it is unlikely for companies to align on all the factors listed above, so we look for companies meeting a majority of the criteria although we place greater weight on companies focused on innovation and importance of medicines to patients and society as we believe these are the key drivers of our business model. We also focus on market capitalization over revenue because we believe it is a better indicator of the complexity of a company’s business model in our industry. On a regular basis, we review and revise the list of companies with the goal of maintaining a group of comparators comprised of at least twelve companies.

 

As a result of this analysis, and on the basis of the criteria listed above, the MDCC selected the following comparator companies for 2017,2019, which were the same comparator companies that were used in 2016.

2018. In 2020, we expect that we will make changes to our peer companies because Celgene Corporation and Shire plc, two of our 2019 peers, are no longer public companies. The Core Peers are the peers we considerconsidered most similar to us in terms of business model.

 

20172019 Peer Companies
Core Peers	Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Biogen Inc. Biomarin PharmaceuticalsBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. Celgene Corporation Gilead Sciences, Inc. Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Other Peers	Abbvie Inc. Alkermes plc Amgen Inc. Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc Incyte Corporation Shire plc United Therapeutics Corporation

 

We believe, based on our discussions with major shareholders, that the Peer Group identified by ourthe MDCC is consistent with our shareholders’ views of our relevant peers in the biotechnology industry. In addition, the Peer Group companies have many of the business model characteristics that we seek in comparator companies as set forth in the following table.

 

Company	Company												Innovative and Importance of Medicines												Company														Innovative and Importance of Medicines
Information	Information			R&D Expense(1)					Operational Focus				Orphan/		Breakthrough		Innovative		Uses		Market Position				Information			R&D Expense(1)							Operational Focus				Orphan/		Breakthrough		Innovative		Uses		Market Position
Company		Industry		$ (millions)			% of Revenue		Global		Commercial		Unmet Clinical Need		Therapy Designations(2)		Drugs in Last 7 Years(3)		Vertex as Peer		Nasdaq 100		S&P 500			Industry		$ (millions)				% of Revenue			Global		Commercial		Unmet Clinical Need		Therapy Designations(2)		Drugs in Last 8 Years(3)		Vertex as Peer		Nasdaq 100		S&P 500
AbbVie		Biotech		$	4,982		18%								4		4									Biotech		$	6,792				20%								7		7
Alexion		Biotech		$	878		25%								1		2									Biotech		$	886				18%								1		3
Alkermes		Biotech		$	413		46%								0		1									Biotech		$	513				44%								0		2
Amgen		Biotech		$	3,562		16%								1		5									Biotech		$	4,116				18%								1		7
Biogen		Biotech		$	2,254		22%								0		4									Biotech		$	2,281				16%								0		5
BioMarin		Biotech		$	611		46%								1		2									Biotech		$	715				42%								1		3
Celgene(4)		Biotech		$	4,295		33%								0		4									Biotech			—				—								0		4
Gilead		Biotech		$	3,512		13%								4		7									Biotech		$	9,106				41%								4		7
Incyte		Biotech		$	1,345		88%								0		2									Biotech		$	1,169				54%								0		2
Jazz		Biotech		$	198		12%								0		2									Pharma		$	653				30%								0		2
Regeneron		Biotech		$	2,075		38%								2		4									Biotech		$	3,037				39%								4		5
Shire(4)		Pharma		$	1,743		11%								0		4									Biotech			—				—								0		5
United Therapeutics		Biotech		$	265		15%								0		3									Biotech		$	1,183				82%								0		3
Vertex		Biotech		$	1,327		53%								5		4									Biotech		$	1,755				42%								8		5

(1)	R&D Expense (including certain expenses related to intangible assets) and R&D Expense as a % of Revenue reflectsreflect the trailing data for the most recent four quarters as of 12/31/2017December 31, 2019 per the S&P Capital IQ database.
(2)	Per the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) Breakthrough Therapy Approvals report, which lists approvals for breakthrough therapy designated drugs.
(3)	Innovative drugs in the last seveneight years include: VIEKIRA PAK, IMBRUVICA, VENCLEXTA, ORILISSA, MAVYRET, RINVOQ and MAVYRETSKYRIZI (Abbvie), STRENSIQ, ULTOMIRIS and KANUMA (Alexion), ARISTADA and VUMERITY (Alkermes), AIMOVIG, BLINCYTO, XGEVA, PROLIA, KYPROLIS, PARSABIV, and PARSABIVEVENITY (Amgen), TECFIDERA, ALPROLIX, SPINRAZA, ELOCTATE and ELOCTATEVUMERITY (Biogen), BRINEURA, PALYNZIQ and VIMIZIM (BioMarin),IDHIFA, POMALYST, ABRAXANEABRAXINE and OTEZLA (Celgene), YESCARTA, SOVALDI, HARVONI, VEMLIDY, CAYSTON, ZYDELIG and BIKTARVY (Gilead), JAKAFI and OLUMIANT (Incyte), VYXEOS and DEFITELIO (Jazz), DUPIXENT, LIBTAYO, PRALUENT, EYLEA and ZALTRAP (Regeneron), MYDAYIS, TAKHYZRO, FIRAZYR, NATPARA and GATTEX (Shire) and REMODULIN, ORENITRAM and UNITUXIN (United Therapeutics).
(4)	Celgene Corporation and Shire plc were acquired in 2019.

 

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We do not strictly benchmark to a particular level of compensation relative to compensation levels at the Peer Group companies, but rather make a judgment about where each executive should fall in comparison with executives with similar responsibilities at the Peer Group companies. We believe this should mitigate concerns regarding our Peer Group including companies that have significantly higher revenues than our current revenues. The MDCC looks at Peer Group information to confirm that our compensation levels are competitive with those of the Peer Group companies and consistent with our compensation philosophy. In addition, the MDCC reviews broader industry specific executive compensation surveys published by Radford, Mercer SIRS and Willis Towers Watson, but does not make any material compensation decisions based on any particular company participants in such surveys.

 

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Elements of Annual Compensation

 

Our practice is to target total direct compensation including base salary, annual cash incentives targets and long-term incentive targets at market competitive levels depending upon the NEOsNEO’s responsibilities, expertise and experience. OurAt superior levels of performance, we aim for the design of our executive compensation program uses a mixto result in actual total direct compensation at or above the seventy-fifth percentile of long-term equity compensation awards in the form of stock options and performance restricted stock unit awards and time-based restricted stock units to incent and reward those individuals who make the greatest contribution to our company performance over time. For the NEOs, this means compensation is primarily in the form of equity and directly tied to changes in shareholder value over time.

peer executives. Each year we review the balance of elements of our executive compensation program to ensure that they are appropriately designed in light of our goals to align the program with our shareholders’ interests, the competitive environment and our business strategy.

 

Our executive compensation program uses a mix of long-term equity compensation awards to incent and reward those individuals who make the greatest contribution to our company performance over time. For the NEOs, this means compensation is primarily in the form of equity and directly tied to changes in shareholder value over time. For our 2020 equity grants, we adjusted our mix of equity due to the evolution of our company to emphasize performance restricted stock units and time-based restricted stock units and eliminate options. These adjustments are consistent with the significant changes that we made to our equity program in 2016, when we adopted a value-based approach to granting equity awards, decreased our emphasis on stock options and introduced performance restricted stock units that vest only upon achievement of financial and non-financial goals.

Compensation Program

 

As shown in the following charts, our compensation program places an emphasis on performance-linked compensation.compensation,with approximately 90% of our NEO compensation tied to performance.

 

 

The charts above represent the actual values andbased on the summary compensation table for our current executive officers using the target value for PSUs grants instead of the fair value of these PSUs grants. These charts exclude the compensation of Mr. Graney,a former executive officer and our interim CFO who joined the company in mid-2017.served for a portion of 2019.

 

For our February 2020 grants based on 2019 performance, we increased our emphasis on performance restricted stock units and time-based restricted stock units and eliminated options. If those adjustments had been in effect in February 2019, the following would have been our CEO and other NEOs’ pay mix for 2019.

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Performance-Linked Value-Based Program

 

We have a performance-linked program that is consistent with programs implemented by our peers and allows us to attract, retain and motivate talented and experienced individuals across all areas of our business. We focus on performance-linked elements as follows:

 

Compensation Element		Performance-LinkPerformance Link
Annual Cash Bonus		Annual bonus dependent on company performance factors and individual performance
Equity Awards
		Potential range Grant date value of bonusequity awards based on individual performance Value of shares granted based on target set by MDCC and Board, adjusted for individual performance ranging from 0% for below target individual performance, 100% at target performance, and up to 225% of150% for above target bonus
		individual performance
Performance Restricted Stock Unit Awards			50% of PSUs with range of shares issued0% to 200% of target based on one year financial metric (vesting annuallyin installments over 3 years)a three year period)
		50% of PSUs with range of shares issued0% to 200% of target based on three-year non-financial metricmetrics (cliff-vesting after three years)
		Value of awards are fixed as percentage of target at grant and realized value varies based on increases or decreases in stock price
Stock Options		Grant date value of options granted based on individual performance
		Value of awards tied to potential increases in share price withno value to executive unless share price increases
Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Awards		Value of shares granted based on individual performance from0% to 150%
Units
		Value of awards increases or decreases based on increases or decreases in stock price

 

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More specifically:

 

	Performance Stock Units. Our NEOs receive 35%50% of their annual target equity compensation in the form of PSUs. The PSUs vest, if at all, based half on financial goals (to date, CF net product revenue goals over a one-year period) and half on non-financial goals.goals (to date, multiple clinical milestones over a three year period). The financial PSUs vest over a three year period and the non-financial PSUs cliff vest after three years. The potential range of shares issuableearned pursuant to the performance stock unit awards range from 0% to 200% of the target shares with the number of shares actually issued based on financial and non-financial measures. For grants made over the last three years, fifty percent of PSUs that could be earned have a one-year performance period with the amount earned dependent upon Vertex’s CF net product revenue performance and with vesting of the earned shares in three equal installments over a three-year period. The MDCC selected a one-year performance period because of the difficulty in forecasting financial metrics at our stage of growth beyond a one-year period. During the last three years, the remaining 50% of PSUs that could be earned have a three-year performance period with the amount earned dependent upon the achievement of multiple clinical development milestones (i.e., advancement of CF and non-CF therapies in the clinic) and with the earned shares cliff vesting at the end of the three-year performance period. The MDCC selected revenue and clinical development milestones because shareholders and analysts rely heavily onthe MDCC determined that these milestones are important measurable metrics, to understand the underlying condition and the performance of our business. In addition, achievement of these metricswhich would indicate successful execution toward our long-term strategic objectives of expanding our CF franchise and diversifying our product portfolio.objectives.
	Stock Options. Our NEOs receive 30% of their annual target equity value in the form of stock options that vest over a four-year period. We use stock option awards because we believe stock options are performance-based and provide alignment with shareholders as executives are rewarded for corporate performance only if the stock price appreciates.
	Time-based Stock Units.Our NEOs receive 35%50% of their annual target equity compensation in the form of time-based restricted stock units that vestwhich vests over a three-yearthree year period. We believe that with a majorityfifty percent of the annual long-term incentive award at risk based on our successful execution of our strategic objectives, and on stock price appreciation, it is important to have a smaller portion of the long-term equity annual award focused on retaining our key executive talent. As a result, we believe time-based restricted stock units encourage retention while alsoand focus on long-term value creation thereby providing immediate alignment with our shareholders.

 

Prior to the adjustment to our equity compensation mix for our February 2020 equity grants, our executive officers received 35% of the equity in performance restricted stock units, 35% of the equity in time-vesting restricted stock units and 30% of the equity in the form of stock options, as reflected in the summary compensation table.

Maintenance of Broad-Based Equity Program While Reducing Dilution

Since our inception, we have compensated all eligible employees using a mix of cash and equity. The broad-based nature of our equity compensation program is an important element of our overall employee compensation program and reflects our philosophy that it is important for all of our employees to approach their jobs with a long-term commitment and perspective. Over the last several years, we have modified our equity compensation programs. These modifications are consistent with modifications other biotechnology companies have made as they matured from development-stage companies to commercial-stage companies with a strong financial profile. As a result of these changes, we granted, on an absolute basis, equity awards representing 51% fewer shares of common stock in 2019 as compared to 2012 and reduced our “burn rate” from 3.6% in 2012 to 1.4% in 2019. These reductions were achieved while we significantly increased our headcount during this period. In 2020, we expect that due to full implementation of the changes to our broad-based equity program that there will be a significant further decrease in our gross burn rate.

	2012 Equity Awards	2013 Equity Awards	2014 Equity Awards	2015 Equity Awards	2016 Equity Awards	2017 Equity Awards	2018 Equity Awards	2019 Equity Awards	% Change 2012 v 2019
Total Shares Granted Subject to Equity Awards	7,525,000	6,276,000	5,629,000	5,035,000	4,887,000	4,470,000	4,391,000	3,687,000	(51)%
Gross Burn Rate(1)	3.6%	2.8%	2.4%	2.1%	2.0%	1.8%	1.7%	1.4%
Awards Canceled, Forfeited or Expired	1,644,000	2,622,000	1,628,000	1,573,000	928,000	1,107,000	826,000	886,000
Net Dilution	5,881,000	3,654,000	4,001,000	3,462,000	3,959,000	3,363,000	3,565,000	2,801,000	(52)%
Net Burn Rate	2.8%	1.6%	1.7%	1.4%	1.6%	1.3%	1.4%	1.1%

(1)	“Burn rate” is defined as the number of equity awards granted in a specific year divided by the basic weighted average number of shares outstanding during that year.

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Base Salary

 

The MDCC recommends base salaries for each of our executive officers based on multiple factors, including a competitive market analysis on a position-by-position basis. Annually, the MDCC reviews tables showing a comparison of each executive’s prior year base salary and cash bonus opportunity, measured at the target level, to salaries and cash bonuses reported for executives with similar responsibilities at comparable companies. We do not strictly benchmark to a particular level of compensation relative to compensation levels at the Peer Group companies, but rather make acompanies. Instead, our judgment about where each executive should fall in comparison with executives with similar responsibilities at the Peer Group companies takingtakes into account the executive’s general level of experience and capability, the significance of his or her job responsibilities to the achievement of our business strategy and company goals, and general performance over time, including demonstration of the values and desirable behaviors under our Values Into Practice Program.values into practice program. On the basis of that information, including compensation at Peer Group companies, and taking into consideration the executive’s base salary for the previous year, the MDCC recommends an appropriate salary for each executive officer, subject to final approval by our independent directors. Our current base salaries for our named executive officers approximatereflect each individual executive’s past and expected future contributions, performance, experience, specific responsibilities relative to peer benchmarks and competitive positioning within the range around the median base salaries for peer counterparts at companies in our Peer Group.

 

Dr. Leiden’s base salary was unchanged at $1,300,000 from 2014 until March 31, 2020 when he transitioned to the role of Executive Chairman. Dr. Leiden’s salary for the first year of his term as Executive Chairman is $1,000,000 and his contract provides that this salary will be reduced to zero for the second year and third year of his term as Executive Chairman.

Dr. Reshma Kewalramani’s base salary was increased to $800,000 in July 2019, when we announced she would become our next CEO and President in April 2020. Dr. Kewalramani’s initial base salary as our CEO and President was set at $1,150,000 based on multiple factors, including her prior experience, her performance as our Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer and a competitive market analysis.

Mr. Wagner joined us in early 2019, and his initial base salary was a result of negotiations between us and Mr. Wagner, which was informed by his prior experience and a market analysis.

In July 2017, our board of directors2019, we increased Dr. Altshuler’sMr. Arbuckle’s base salary from $575,000$750,000 to $625,000 and Mr. Parini’s base salary from $675,000 to $725,000$800,000 after a review of the base salaries of peers and in recognition of theirhis role and contributions to the company. In mid-2017, Mr. Graney joined our organization and his compensation arrangement was the result of negotiations between us and Mr. Graney.

 

Name		2017 Base Salary			2018 Base Salary			Peer Ranking (Percentile)		% Change 2017 v 2018
Jeffrey M. Leiden		$	1,300,000		$	1,300,000		65th		0%
David Altshuler		$	575,000		$	625,000		40th		9%
Thomas Graney		$	550,000		$	550,000		25th		0%
Michael Parini		$	675,000		$	725,000		45th		7%
Amit Sachdev		$	540,750		$	540,750		70th		0%
Ian F. Smith		$	850,000		$	850,000		55th		0%

Name		Base Salary				Approximate Peer Ranking (Percentile)(1)		Base Salary Effective April 1, 2020				Approximate Peer Ranking (Percentile)(1)
Jeffrey M. Leiden		$	1,300,000			55th		$	1,000,000			n/a
Reshma Kewalramani		$	800,000			>75th		$	1,150,000			25th
Charles F. Wagner, Jr.		$	700,000			40th
Stuart A. Arbuckle		$	800,000			60th
Amit Sachdev		$	540,750			>75th

(1)	Peer rankings based on salary information from 2018.

 

Company and Individual Ratings

 

TwoThe amounts for two of the principal elements of our executive compensation program - annual cash bonus and annual equity awards - are awarded in amounts determined on the basis of annual company and individual performance ratings.

 

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Overview of Company Performance Rating & Achievement in 20172019

 

At the beginning of each year, our board of directors, in consultation with our CEO, establishes company-wide goals for that year. OurWhile our performance against these goals is the most important factor considered by our board in assessing our corporate performance, but our board considers additional accomplishments and shortcomings and may increase or decrease the performance scores (although the company score may not exceed 150). Although the directors discuss and analyze our performance as a group, each director makes his or her own judgment about specific performance factors and accomplishment of the goals in reaching a conclusion.

 

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For 2017,2019, the board set company goals and assigned relative weights that reflected our operational, strategic and financial objectives for the year and the importance of these goals to our long-term goals of revenue growth and increasing profitability. Our 2017revenue goals for marketed and approval stage products were designed to incentivize increasing access to our medicines through approvals of new transformative medicines, label-expansions for our existing medicines and negotiating reimbursement agreements in ex-U.S. markets and were not set, achieved through or dependent upon, price increases. Our pipeline goals and our budgets were established with the expectation that we would reinvest in research and development and external innovation with the goal of developing additional transformative medicines. Our 2019 weighted goals and the year-end score achieved by the company and assigned by the board are set forth in the following table:

 

Goal(s)		Maximum Score		Actual 2017 Performance Score
Marketed and Approval-Stage Products		60		50
Increase ORKAMBI net product revenues through compliant marketing practices
Increase KALYDECO net product revenues through compliant marketing practices
Pipeline Growth		55		55
Achieve proof of concept data for one or more triple combination therapies in F508del/Min patients
File regulatory applications for the approval of tezacaftor in combination with ivacaftor
Advance next-generation CFTR correctors
Advance multiple non-CF development and research programs
Organizational Development and Capability		20		20
Fill critical positions with superior and diverse talent to support business growth
Improve infrastructure to support expanding business
Continue to ensure a strong compliance mindset and enterprise-wide risk management program
Financial Strength		15		15
Increase revenues and manage operating expenses
Additional Accomplishments and Shortcomings (see page 58 of this proxy statement)				8
TOTAL		150		148

			Maximum		Actual 2019
Goal(s)			Score		Performance Score
Marketed and Approval-Stage Products			55		55
	Achieve CF net product revenue goals through compliant marketing practices, including U.S. and ex-U.S. revenue goals
	Achieve reimbursement in one or more significant ex-U.S. markets
Pipeline Growth			60		57.5
	Complete Phase 3 development of triple-combination and submit for regulatory approval in U.S. and Europe
	Accelerate development of triple-combination in patients 6-11 years of age
	Obtain approval in U.S. for SYMDEKO for patients 6-11 years of age
	Advance multiple non-CF development programs, including Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials
	Advance multiple research programs, including CF and non-CF programs
Organizational Development and Capability			15		15
	Fill critical positions with superior and diverse talent to support business growth
	Improve infrastructure to support expanding business
	Continue to ensure a strong compliance mindset and enterprise-wide risk management program
Financial Strength			20		20
	Manage operating expenses and achieve financial targets
Additional Accomplishments and Shortcomings, Net (see page 53 of this proxy statement)					2.5
TOTAL			150		150

 

Our 20172019 company performance score was 148150 out of a potential of 150. Our 20182020 company performance will be evaluated against the broad categories set forth above, putting slightly more emphasis on Financial Strength (20 points in 2018 comparedwith the same weighting with respect to 15 points in 2017)Marketed and slightly less onApproval-Stage Products (55 points), Pipeline Growth (60 points), Organizational Development and Capability (15 points in 2018 compared to 20 points in 2017)points) and Financial Strength (20 points). These changes were made to align our annual incentive plan with our business goals for 2018.

 

Detailed Discussion of Company Performance Rating Factors and Achievements

 

Goals - Marketed and Approval-Stage Products

 

In 2017, total2019, CF net product revenues of $2.17increased to $4.16 billion, exceeded the mid-point of our initial total CF net product revenue guidance by $265 million, or 14% ($2.17 billion actualup 37% as compared to initial guidance2018. In evaluating our performance against our goals, we excluded approximately $0.16 billion of $1.9 billion). This represented an increase in total CF net productone-time revenues from the fourth quarter of 29% compared to total CF net product revenues in 2016. We expect additional increases in CF net product revenues in 2018.2019.

 

ORKAMBI.In 2017, we exceeded the mid-point of our initial ORKAMBI net product revenue guidance by $121 million ($1.32 billion actual as compared to initial guidance of $1.1 billion to $1.3 billion) based on the strong performance of ORKAMBI in the United States, which more than offset weaker performance of ORKAMBI in Europe. ORKAMBI net product revenues increased by 35% from $980 million in 2016 to $1.32 billion in 2017.

KALYDECO.In 2017, we exceeded the mid-point of our initial KALYDECO net product revenue guidance by $145 million ($845 million actual as compared to initial guidance of $690 million to $710 million) as we continued to expand the number of patients eligible for KALYDECO, including through multiple label expansions providing CF patients in the United States with residual function mutations access to KALYDECO. KALYDECO net product revenues increased by 20% from $703 million in 2016 to $845 million in 2017.

	Our adjusted CF net product revenues exceeded the mid-point of our initial CF net product revenue guidance by approximately $500 million ($4 billion actual as compared to the mid-point of our initial guidance of $3.5 billion) as a result of the accelerated approval of TRIKAFTA in the fourth quarter of 2019 and the continued strong revenues from SYMDEKO/SYMKEVI, ORKAMBI and KALYDECO.
	We obtained reimbursement of ORKAMBI and/or SYMDEKO/SYMKEVI for eligible patients in several important ex-U.S. markets, including England, France, Australia and Spain.

 

For marketed and approval-stage products goals, our board assigned the company a score of 5055 out of 60,55, due to our achievingexceeding our goals with respect to total CF net product revenues including exceedingand the successful conclusion of reimbursement negotiations for our goals with respect to both ORKAMBI and KALYDECO net product revenues, which more than offset weaker than expected performance of ORKAMBImedicines in Europe.ex-U.S. markets.

 

Goals - Pipeline Growth (Late and Early-Stage)

 

In 2017,2019, we made significant progress that moved us closer to achievingadvancing our goal of delivering highly effectiveCF medicines to all patients with CF. Specifically,and broadening and deepening our pipeline.

In CF, we:

 

	Obtained approval in October 2019 from the FDA for TRIKAFTA for treatment of patients with CF 12 years of age and older who have at least oneF508delmutation five months ahead of our PDUFA date - representing one of the fastest medicine approvals by the FDA.
	Obtained positive Phase 3 dataapproval for tezacaftorKALYDECO in combination with ivacaftor in early 2017
	the United States and European Union for infants 6 to <12 months of age.
	Positioned ourselves to achieveObtained approval for SYMDEKO in the United States for children 6 to 11 years of age.
	Submitted a MAA to the EMA which has been validated, for the triple combination of elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor in February 2018patients 12 years of age and older.
	Initiated Phase 3 clinical trials evaluating elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor and ivacaftor in children 6 to 11 years of age who have twoF508delmutations or oneF508delmutation and one minimal function mutation.

 

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	Applied for European regulatory approval of tezacaftor in combination with ivacaftor in July 2017 with approval expected in the second half of 2018
	Positioned ourselves to obtain authorization to market ORKAMBI in the European Union for patients 6-11 in January 2018
	Received approvals to market KALYDECO for approximately 1,500 additional CF patients in the United States with residual function mutations in 2017
	Obtained positive Phase 3 data for KALYDECO for patients 1 to 2 years of age in December 2017
	Obtained highly-positive Phase 2 data for four triple combination regimens, each of which contained different next-generation correctors, in combination with tezacaftor and ivacaftor
	Accelerated initiation of Phase 3 development program for VX-659 in combination with tezacaftor and ivacaftor to February 2018
	Positioned ourselves to initiate a Phase 3 clinical development program for VX-445 in a triple combination regimen in mid-2018

In 2017,We also made significant progress toward meeting our goal of diversifying our portfolio as we advanced promising programs in a variety of disease.diseases and invested in external innovation. Specifically, we:

 

	Advanced clinical development of VX-814 and VX-864, two small molecule drug candidates that we are evaluating as potential treatments for AAT.
	Initiated clinical development of VX-147, a small molecule drug candidate that we are evaluating as potential treatments for FSGS.
	Obtained positive, interim data from the first proof-of-concept from a Phase 2 clinical trial evaluating a NaV1.8 inhibitor as a potential treatmenttwo patients with severe sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia for chronic pain in January 2017 (VX-150 is our lead non-opioid NaV1.8 inhibitor)
	CTX001, which we are co-developing with CRISPR.
	Initiated a Phase 1 clinical trialAdvanced cell-based therapy programs as potential treatments for T1D following our acquisition of VX-128, a second non-opioid sodium channel inhibitor,Semma Therapeutics in December 2017
	the fourth quarter of 2019.
	Executed a co-development and co-commercialization agreement with CRISPR Therapeutics AG
	Advanced CTX001, which is one of the first gene editingpre-clinical programs to utilize CRISPR/Cas9,develop treatments for DMD and is being developed pursuant toDM1 following our acquisition of Exonics and the expansion of our collaboration with CRISPR Therapeutics AG, through pre-clinical development to enable expected Phase 1/2 clinical trials in 2018
	Advanced our research program for alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency into late-stage pre-clinical development
	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, our collaborator, initiated Phase 3 development of pimodivir as a potential treatment for influenza
	Successfully outlicensed our oncology programs to Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, GermanyCRISPR.

 

On the basis of the accomplishments in advancing our research and development programs and, in particular, the accelerated approval of TRIKAFTA and the advancement of next-generation correctors allowing us to begin Phase 3 development of our next-generation triple combination regimens in early 2018,multiple small molecule drug candidates and cell and genetic therapies, our board assigned the company a score of 5557.5 out of 5560 for our pipeline growth goal.

 

Goals - Organizational Development and Capability

 

Talent and expertise.expertiseStrengthened

We strengthened our organizational capabilities by attracting, developing and retaining the key talent necessary to operate our business, including filling 1615 of 1716 critical hires with superior talent and expanding our leadership and management training programs. During 2017, we continued to focus on diversity in our hiring and 63% of our critical hires at the vice president or above level were diverse on a gender/ethnic basis.talent.

 

Systems.Systems and InfrastructureContinued

We continued improvement of infrastructure to support an increasingly complex organization, including enhancing policies, software platforms and business processes. In 2017, we installed a financial management platform providing significant improvements in our consolidation and reporting processes, launched a global customer relationship management platform and selected and began implementation of an enterprise-wide learning management system.

 

Compliance.Ethics and ComplianceContinued

We continued to promote effective governance, communication and training to support our company-wide compliance and risk management programs.

 

To reflect the improvements to our organizational structure, processes and systems achieved in 2017,2019, our board assigned the company a score of 2015 out of 2015 for our organizational development and capability goals.

 

Goals - Financial Strength

 

We exceeded all of our financial strength goals in 2017. We2019. Our combined R&D and SG&A expenses for 2019 were within the guidance we provided at the beginning of 2019. Our operating income increased revenues and managedby 89% as compared to 2018. Our increased cash flows were achieved while managing our operating expenses allowing us to reinvest approximately $1.6 billion in external innovation and strengthen our balance sheet and end 2017sheet. As a result, we ended 2019 with cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $2.1 billion while decreasing the amount of outstanding debt under our revolving credit agreement from $300.0 million to zero.approximately $3.8 billion.

 

As a result of our success instrong financial performance, including increasing our financial strength byrevenues and managing our operating expenses, and securing a strong cash position, our board assigned the company a score of 1520 out of 1520 for our financial strength goals.

 

Additional Factors (accomplishments and/or shortcomings)

 

In connection with determining our 20172019 company rating, our board of directors made positive and negative adjustments based on factors not anticipated inwhen the company’s original goals.goals for 2019 were established. By design, the potential adjustment is capped at ±10% (or ±15 points) and used by the board to address and highlight important achievements and or shortcomings. The positive adjustments were primarily related to our success in acceleratingobtaining early approval and executing a successful early launch for TRIKAFTA in the development of our next-generation corrector program by almost a year, our successful business development activities, including our acquisition of Concert Pharmaceuticals, Inc.United States and advancing our collaboration with CRISPR, and the exceptional performance of our U.S. commercial team. These additional accomplishments were partially offset by delays we experiencedsuccess in our clinical trial of tezacaftorobtaining reimbursement agreements for ORKAMBI and/or SYMKEVI in combination with ivacaftor in gating patients and delays in implementing our leadership development program.multiple important ex-U.S. markets. Overall, the board of directors increased our company rating by elevenseven points for positive additional accomplishments, which was offset by a threeone point downward adjustment related to additional negative factors, which resulted in anfactors. Since our overall positivegoal performance cannot exceed 150%, our board reduced the possible net eight point adjustment.adjustment of six points to 2.5 points to arrive at a maximum score of 150 points.

 

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20172019 Individual Performance Ratings - Overview

 

The MDCC evaluates executives’ individual performance on a “results-based, values-tempered” basis, which takes into account not only “what” was accomplished, but “how” it was accomplished. The results-based component evaluates the executive officer’s performance in his or her individual role and as a leader of our company in achieving our objectives. The possible individual results-based performance ratings are “not building,” “building,” “strong” or “leading. “The” The values-tempered component of the individual evaluations builds upon our company core values: “uncompromising commitment to patients;” “innovation is our lifeblood;” “fearless pursuit of excellence” and “we wins” and are based on whether the decisions made by the executives were consistent with these values and what is in the best interests of the company in the long term. Under our Values Into Practicevalues into practice program, we expect all employees to demonstrate our company core values in all aspects of job performance. We further expect that our executives will be stewards of our core values, and the performance ratings assigned to them incorporate our board’s assessment of the strength of their leadership with respect to, and demonstration of, values-based behavior. This evaluation results in ratings of “not demonstrating,” “living the values” or “exemplary demonstration. “The” The possible individual performance ratings under this program are as set forth in the following table:

 

 

 

The 20172019 results-based rating recommendation for each NEO, other than our CEO, is the combined result of the MDCC members’ own observations and a review of the executive’s role in the accomplishment of the corporate goals and recommendations, the latter of which is provided to the MDCC by our chief executive officer and is made on the basis of his independent assessment of each executive officer’s performance. The MDCC and Dr. Leiden discussed the recommendationseach recommendation at length, on both an individual-by-individual basis,individual and on a comparative basis. Upon completion of these discussions, the MDCC finalized its recommendation for the results-based rating for each executive, takingexecutive. The final recommendations took into account Dr. Leiden’s recommendations, factors considered in the discussions and the opinions of MDCC members based(based on the executive’s contributions and the MDCC members’ interactions with the executive. When considering the more subjective values-based rating, theexecutive), as well as other factors. The MDCC also discussed Dr. Leiden’s recommendations, givinggave Dr. Leiden’s recommendations greater weight when determining the values-based rating than when determining the results-based rating, becauseas the values-based rating is pertinent to the executive’s daily interactions in carrying out his or her duties. Furthermore, the MDCC believes that, in his role as CEO, Dr. Leiden had greater visibility than the MDCC members into the quality of these interactions. Taking into account all of the factors raised in the discussion and the assigned individual performance rating, the MDCC assigns an individual performance factor for each NEO within the ranges set forth above. While the individual ratings are not 100% objective, we view them as critical factors indicative of management success and crucial to achieving the more objective goals discussed above. The results-based and values-based evaluations for our CEO are based on a similar assessment of the CEO’s individual performance by our MDCC and independent directors.

 

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20172019 Actual Individual Ratings for Named Executive Officers

 

Dr. Jeffrey Leiden		2017 Rating:		Leading Exemplary			2019 Rating:		Leading Exemplary
Chairman, President and CEO		2018 Salary:		$	1,300,000
Executive Chairman							2019:		$	1,300,000
(CEO and President through March 31, 2020)							2019 Bonus:		$	3,510,000
		2017 Bonus:		$	3,463,200		LTI Equity Grants (Feb 2020):		$	15,240,000
		LTI Equity Grants (Feb 2018):		$	14,000,000

 

On the basis of the MDCC’s recommendation, our independent directors rated Dr. Leiden’s overall performance for 20172019 as “leading exemplary”exemplary,” with an individual performance factor of 150%. The performance rating for Dr. Leiden combined a “leading” results-based rating with an “exemplary demonstration” values-based rating. The rating derived principally from his leadership of our executive team, as we executed our strategy for 2017, which included:

 

	The over-achievement ofExecuting our financialcorporate strategy, which for more than eight years has maintained its focus on developing transformative medicines for serious diseases and achieving our business goals by significantly increasing total CF net product revenues, significantly strengthening our balance sheet, expanding our operating margins, and returning us to profitability
	The advancementSignificantly exceeding all 2019 financial targets while accelerating delivery of transformative medicines to patients
	Advancing our CF programs, and in particular the acceleration of our next-generation corrector programs by almost a year, the multiple label expansion for KALYDECO and progress towardaccelerated approval of SYMDEKO
	TRIKAFTA in the United States
	The advancement ofDirecting business development transactions that have enhanced the company’s capabilities in various therapeutic modalities and created our non-CFcell and genetic therapy programs for T1D and in particular our novel pain compounds and our gene editing programs
	DMD/DM1
	The excellent performance of our research organization in advancing multiple programs toward the clinic, including in pain, alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiencyRecruiting, mentoring and sickle-cell disease
	Leadership in determining our corporate strategy and executing our business goals, accelerating key programs and promptly addressing strategic challenges
	Mentoring, developing and retaining our outstanding senior leadership team
	and working collaboratively with the board with respect to succession planning and his ongoing role with the company
	Enhancing Vertex’s corporate reputation through, among other activities, patient engagement, corporate giving and diversity and inclusion initiatives
	Coordinating, as the chair of our board, clear, open and constructive communication between our board and management regarding key business and strategic issues
	Exhibiting outstanding personal and leadership qualities and embodying Vertex’s core values in enabling the successful stewardship of our company over the last yearwith an uncompromising commitment to patients

 

Dr. David M. Altshuler		2017 Rating:		Leading
EVP, Global Research and Chief Scientific Officer		2018 Salary:		$	625,000
		2017 Bonus:		$	638,250
		LTI Equity Grants (Feb 2018):		$	3,750,000

Reshma Kewalramani		2019 Rating:		Leading Exemplary
Chief Executive Officer and President		2019 Salary:		$	800,000
(EVP and CMO through March 31, 2020)		2019 Bonus:		$	1,260,000
		LTI Equity Grants (Feb 2020):		$	6,000,000

 

The MDCC recommended and the board adopted an overall rating of “leading”“leading exemplary” for Dr. AltshulerKewalramani based on a results-based rating of “strong”“leading” and a values-based rating of “exemplary”“exemplary demonstration” with an individual performance factor of 138%150%. Dr. Altshuler’sKewalramani’s rating derived from hisher leadership of global medicines and development organizational and the research organization, includingbroader leadership role she assumed during the following:second half of 2019, including:

 

	Implementing a research strategy that augments our strengthAccelerating the Phase 3 pivotal programs of multiple triple-combination therapies for the treatment of CF, which led to the early approval of TRIKAFTA in identificationthe United States in the fourth quarter of small molecule drugs by focusing research on validated targets addressing2019 and the underlying causesubmission of disease and utilizing lab assays designed to predict clinical efficacy
	an MAA for the triple combination in Europe
	AdvancingRecruiting and developing a strong global medicines and development leadership team and building out the infrastructure that will be necessary to support the simultaneous development of multiple researchclinical development programs including:
	–	CTX001, an investigational gene editing treatment, that we are co-developing with CRISPR Therapeutics AG for beta-thalassemia and sickle cell disease
	–	VX-128, a non-opioid sodium channel inhibitor, that entered Phase 1 clinical trials in late 2017
	–	Advancing multiple additional next-generation CFTR correctors into late-stage research
	Advancing our collaborations in nucleic acid therapies with CRISPRnon-CF small molecule pipeline, including establishing clinical programs to evaluate drug candidates for the treatment of AAT and Moderna
	FSGS
	LeadingAdvancing CTX-001, our gene editing program for the effortstreatment of sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia, into patients and demonstrating for the first time ever the curative potential of gene editing in serious human genetic diseases
	Collaborating with Dr. Leiden and the other members of our executive team in order to identify new medicines by combining transformative insights into the causal human biology of serious diseases with innovative approachesprepare for her appointment as CEO and President and Dr. Leiden’s transition to therapeutics, including with respect to our programs in alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiencyExecutive Chairman
	Exhibiting outstanding leadership qualities and polycystic kidney diseaseadvancing Vertex’s values

 

Thomas Graney		2017 Rating:		Strong
SVP, Chief Financial Officer		2018 Salary:		$	550,000
		2017 Bonus:		$	110,392
		LTI Equity Grants (Feb 2018):		$	2,000,000

The MDCC recommended and the board adopted an overall rating of “strong” for Mr. Graney, who joined us in September 2017, based on a results-based rating of “strong” and a values-based rating of “living the values” with an individual performance factor of 100%. Mr. Graney’s rating derived from:

	Assuming responsibility for the finance and accountingorganizations
	Leading a strategic review of our investments in ex-U.S. markets
	Leadership roles in various business development projects

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Michael Parini		2017 Rating:		Leading
EVP, Chief Legal and Administrative Officer		2018 Salary:		$	725,000
		2017 Bonus:		$	788,655
		LTI Equity Grants (Feb 2018):		$	3,750,000

Charles F. Wagner, Jr.		2019 Rating:		Leading
EVP, Chief Financial Officer		2019 Salary:		$	700,000
		2019 Bonus:		$	992,250
		LTI Equity Grants (Feb 2020):		$	5,000,000

 

The MDCC recommended and the board adopted an overall rating of “leading” for Mr. PariniWagner based on a results-based rating of “strong” and a values-based rating of “exemplary demonstration” with an individual performance factor of 147%135%. Mr. Parini’sWagner’s rating derived from:from his leadership of the finance, accounting, investor relations and operations organizations, including the following:

 

	Assuming responsibilityOverseeing an outstanding financial year for several key functions,Vertex, including managing operating expenses in accordance with our budget and guidance
	Successfully managing the human resources, qualityintegration of our two significant acquisitions, Exonics in the third quarter of 2019 and corporate communications groupsSemma in addition to continuing his stewardshipthe fourth quarter of 2019
	Successfully recruiting and developing multiple new senior members of the legal and compliance department
	Expanding and enhancing our human resources and corporatecommunications functions
	Leading our recruiting efforts, which resulted in us filling 16 of 17 critical positions
	Leading the successful communication of numerous key clinical and regulatory milestones
	Leading several important corporate initiatives, including the establishment of our 10-year, $500 million corporate giving commitment and the advancement of our diversity and inclusion efforts
	Overseeing successful efforts to complete the acquisition of VX-561, a deuterated version of ivacaftor, from Concert Pharmaceuticals following a second request issued by the Federal Trade Commission
	Resolving several legal cases on terms favorable to the companyfinance organization

 

Amit Sachdev		2017 Rating:		Leading/Exemplary
EVP, Chief Regulatory Officer		2018 Salary:		$	540,750
		2017 Bonus:		$	600,233
		LTI Equity Grants (Feb 2018):		$	4,500,000

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Stuart A. Arbuckle		2019 Rating:		Leading Exemplary
EVP, Chief Commercial Officer		2019 Salary:		$	800,000
		2019 Bonus:		$	1,260,000
		LTI Equity Grants (Feb 2020):		$	6,000,000

 

The MDCC recommended and the board adopted an overall rating of “leading exemplary” for Mr. SachdevArbuckle based on a results-based rating of “leading” and a values-based rating of “exemplary demonstration” with an individual performance factor of 150%. Mr. Arbuckle’s rating derived from his leadership of the commercial organization, including the following:

	Delivering CF net product revenues of over $4.0 billion in 2019, which was $500 million greater than budget
	Planning and leading the successful U.S. launch of TRIKAFTA for patients 12 years of age and older in 2019, which had a significant effect on our overall financial performance in 2019
	Obtaining reimbursement for ORKAMBI and/or SYMDEKO/SYMKEVI for eligible patients in several important ex-U.S. markets, including England, France, Australia, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and Spain, which made our medicines accessible to approximately 9,000 new patients worldwide
	Coordinating commercial manufacture of TRIKAFTA to allow a successful U.S. launch despite the challenges posed by the very early approval date

Amit Sachdev		2019 Rating:		Leading
EVP, Chief Patient Officer		2019 Salary:		$	540,750
		2019 Bonus:		$	823,292
		LTI Equity Grants (Feb 2020):		$	5,000,000

The MDCC recommended and the board adopted an overall rating of “leading” for Mr. Sachdev based on a results-based rating of “leading” and a values-based rating of “living the values” with an individual performance factor of 145%. Mr. Sachdev’s rating derived principally from his leadership of the regulatory and governmental affairs organizations with respect to the following:

 

LeadingBuilding and leading the global regulatory group as they efficiently and successfully pursuedobtained multiple approvals for our medicines in U.S. and ex-U.S. markets, including:

–	Successfully implementing the U.S. and European regulatory strategies for tezacaftor in combination with ivacaftor resulting in U.S.accelerated approval of SYMDEKO in February 2018TRIKAFTA for patients 12 years of age and positioning us for approval of tezacaftor in combination with ivacaftor in Europeolder in the second half of 2018United States

–	Obtainingthe approval for KALYDECO as a treatment for patients with residual function mutations in the United States based on a novel approachand European Union for infants 6 to broadening <12 months of age

–

the label based onapproval for SYMDEKO in vitrodata and supported by more than fivethe United States for children 6 to 11 years of real-world clinical data that demonstrate KALYDECO’s strong safetyage

	Building a new patient advocacy organization for CF and efficacy profileother Vertex disease areas
	Coordinating successful government affairs efforts in the US and Europe
	Assisting Dr. Leiden and Dr. Kewalramani in planning and executing the CEO transition

Ian Smith		2017 Rating:		Leading
EVP, Chief Operating Officer		2018 Salary:		$	850,000
		2017 Bonus:		$	1,339,770
		LTI Equity Grants (Feb 2018):		$	3,750,000

Paul M. Silva		2019 Rating:		Leading
SVP, Corporate Controller		2019 Salary:		$	450,000
(Interim CFO for a Portion of 2019)		2019 Bonus:		$	378,000
		LTI Equity Grants (Feb 2020):		$	1,562,500

 

The MDCC recommended and the board adopted aan overall rating of “leading” rating for Mr. SmithSilva based on a results-based rating of “strong”“leading” and a values-based rating of “exemplary demonstration”“living the values” with an individual performance factor of 142%140%. Mr. Smith’sSilva’s rating was due toderived from his overall contributions toexcellent performance leading the executionfinance and accounting organizations through a transition period, while he served as our interim CFO, and for his continued leadership of our strategy. More specifically, accounting, tax and treasury functions as our corporate controller for the balance of the year.

Former Executive Officer

Mr. Smith was responsible for:served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer until January 23, 2019 and our interim Chief Financial Officer from December 13, 2018 through January 23, 2019. We terminated Mr. Smith’s employment in January 2019. Mr. Smith did not receive a bonus or an equity award in 2019.

	Successfully managing many important functions, including our finance/accounting, business development, information systems and investor relations groups
	Managing operating expenses, which together with increased CF net product revenues, allowed us to end 2017 with cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $2.1 billion while decreasing the amount outstanding on our revolving credit agreement from $300.0 million to zero
	Successfully overseeing the construction of our new San Diego research facility
	Leading our business development group to a successful year, including:
	–	Acquiring VX-561 from Concert Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
	–	Executing a co-development and co-commercialization agreement with CRISPR Therapeutics AG for CTX001
	–	Outlicensing our oncology programs to Merck KGaA for $230 million upfront and potential future royalties
	Implementing information technology and infrastructure systems to support our rapid growth

 

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Annual Cash Bonus

 

The cash bonus for each executive (referred to in theSummary Compensation Tableon page 6863 of this proxy statement as “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation”) is calculated by multiplying the executive officer’s target bonus by both the company performance factor and the individual performance factor, in accordance with the following formula in 2017:2019:

 

Target Cash Bonus			x	Performance Factors			=	Cash Bonus
Base Salary	x	Individual Incentive Target (expressed as a percentage of base salary)	x	Company Performance Factor (expressed as a percentage of the target bonus)	x	Individual Performance Factor (expressed as a percentage of the target bonus)	=	Annual Cash Bonus Award
		45% to40%- 120% based on role		0%-150%- 150%		0-150%

 

The individual incentive targets were established, and are reviewed annually, by the MDCC based on available data about Peer Group company compensation. Dr. Leiden’s individual incentive target of 120% has remained unchanged since 2012. Mr. Smith’sDr. Kewalramani’s individual incentive target will be 120% for 2020. The individual incentive target for each of our executive vice presidents was increased from 50% to 75% in 2016 when he was promoted to Chief Operating Officer. The individual incentive targets for70% during 2019. Dr. Altshuler, Mr. Parini and Mr. Sachdev are 50%. TheLeiden’s individual incentive target will be 100% for Mr. Graney is 45%.2020 and he will not be eligible for a cash bonus for 2021 or 2022 performance. The resulting target annual bonuses approximate the median target annual bonuses for comparable executives at peer companies.

 

Company performance factors are determined annually and range from 0% to 150%. The possible individual ratings and corresponding individual performance factor ranges for our executive officers in 20172019 are set forth in the table below:

 

Individual Rating	Individual Performance Factor
Not Building	0%
Building	50%-80%
Strong	80%-120%
Leading	120%-150%
Leading/Exemplary	140%-150%

 

On the basis of the factors described above, our independent directors approved, upon the MDCC’s recommendation, individual performance factors and annual bonus awards for each of the NEONEOs on account of 20172019 performance, as set forth in the table below.

 

Name		2017 Target Bonus				Company Performance Factor					Individual Performance Factor				Proration Factor						2017 Performance Cash Bonus
Jeffrey M. Leiden		$	1,560,000			x		148%			x	150%			x	100	%		=		$	3,463,200
David Altshuler		$	312,500			x		148%			x	138%			x	100	%		=		$	638,250
Thomas Graney		$	247,500			x		148%			x	100%			x	30	%		=		$	110,392
Michael Parini		$	362,500			x		148%			x	147%			x	100	%		=		$	788,655
Amit Sachdev		$	270,375			x		148%			x	150%			x	100	%		=		$	600,233
Ian F. Smith		$	637,500			x		148%			x	142%			x	100	%		=		$	1,339,770

						Individual					2019				Company			Individual			2019
		2019				Incentive					Target				Performance			Performance			Performance
Name	Base Salary					Target					Bonus				Factor			Factor			Cash Bonus
Jeffrey M. Leiden		$	1,300,000			x	120%		=		$	1,560,000			x	150%		x 150%		=		$	3,510,000
Reshma Kewalramani		$	800,000			x	70%		=		$	560,000			x	150%		x 150%		=		$	1,260,000
Charles F. Wagner, Jr.		$	700,000			x	70%		=		$	490,000			x	150%		x 135%		=		$	992,250
Stuart A. Arbuckle		$	800,000			x	70%		=		$	560,000			x	150%		x 150%		=		$	1,260,000
Amit Sachdev		$	540,750			x	70%		=		$	378,525			x	150%		x 145%		=		$	823,292
Paul M. Silva		$	450,000			x	40%		=		$	180,000			x	150%		x 140%		=		$	378,000

 

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Annual Equity Awards

 

Value-Based Guidelines for Annual NEO Equity Grants

 

Under our program, our NEOs were eligible for awards with the following target values based on 20172019 performance:

 

			Not Building				Building				Strong				Leading				Leading/Exemplary		Not Building					Building				Strong				Leading			Leading Exemplary
CEO			$	—			$	5,500,000			$	11,000,000			$	12,500,000			$	14,000,000		$	—			$	6,000,000			$	12,000,000			$	13,620,000			$	15,240,000
EVP			$	—			$	1,500,000			$	3,000,000			$	3,750,000			$	4,500,000		$	—			$	2,000,000			$	4,000,000			$	5,000,000			$	6,000,000
SVP			$	—			$	1,000,000			$	2,000,000			$	2,500,000			$	3,000,000

 

During 2019, the MDCC did not change the target equity values for our CEO and increased by $500,000 the target equity values for each of our executive vice presidents based on a market analysis. Mr. Silva’s target equity award for 2019 was $1.25 million. The number of shares subject to the time-vested restricted stock units and performance stock units is based on the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant. The numberDr. Leiden’s new employment agreement, which was signed on March 31, 2020, provides for his receipt of shares subject toequity grants of $9,000,000 in the stock options is based on an estimatefirst quarter of 2021, $8,500,000 in the fair valuefirst quarter of 2022 and $6,500,000 in the stock options pursuant to the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on information availablefirst quarter of 2023 for his role as of the grant date.Executive Chairman.

 

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February 20182020 Grants Based on 20172019 Performance

 

In February 2018,2020, our independent directors approved, upon the MDCC’s recommendation, individual performance factors and equity awards for 20172019 performance for each of the NEOs, as set forth in the table below.

 

Name		Individual Performance Rating		Performance- Based RSU (35%)				Options (30%)				Time-based RSU (35%)				Total Equity Value
Jeffrey M. Leiden		Leading Exemplary		$	4,900,000			$	4,200,000			$	4,900,000			$	14,000,000
David Altshuler		Leading		$	1,312,500			$	1,125,000			$	1,312,500			$	3,750,000
Thomas Graney		Strong		$	700,000			$	600,000			$	700,000			$	2,000,000
Michael Parini		Leading		$	1,312,500			$	1,125,000			$	1,312,500			$	3,750,000
Amit Sachdev		Leading Exemplary		$	1,575,000			$	1,350,000			$	1,575,000			$	4,500,000
Ian F. Smith		Leading		$	1,312,500			$	1,125,000			$	1,312,500			$	3,750,000

(1)

Estimates for value of equity-based awards granted in February 2018 for 2017 performance are based on our methodology for determining the grant-date fair value, including underlying assumptions for calculating these values as set forth in Note N to our consolidated financial statements included in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K and are subject to adjustment.

The terms of the equity granted in 2018 are as follows:

	Stock Options. Stock options are granted at fair market value on the date of grant and vest over four years.
	Performance Stock Units. The PSUs vest, if at all, based half on financial and half on non-financial goals. The potential range of shares issuable pursuant to the performance stock unit awards range from 0% to 200% of the target shares based on financial and non-financial measures. Fifty percent of PSUs that could be earned have a one-year performance period with the amount actually earned dependent upon Vertex’s net product revenue performance and with vesting of the earned shares in three equal installments over a three-year period. The remaining 50% of PSUs that could be earned have a three-year performance period with the amount actually earned dependent upon the achievement of multiple clinical development milestones (i.e., advancement of CF and non-CF therapies in the clinic) and with the earned shares cliff vesting at the end of the three-year performance period.
	Time-based Stock Units. The time-based restricted stock units vest over a three-year period, subject to continued service.

		Individual		Performance-				Time-based
		Performance		Based RSU				RSU				Total Equity
Name		Rating		(50%)				(50%)				Value
Jeffrey M. Leiden		Leading Exemplary		$	7,620,000			$	7,620,000			$	15,240,000
Reshma Kewalramani		Leading Exemplary		$	3,000,000			$	3,000,000			$	6,000,000
Charles F. Wagner, Jr.		Leading		$	2,500,000			$	2,500,000			$	5,000,000
Stuart A. Arbuckle		Leading Exemplary		$	3,000,000			$	3,000,000			$	6,000,000
Amit Sachdev		Leading		$	2,500,000			$	2,500,000			$	5,000,000
Paul M. Silva		Leading		$	781,250			$	781,250			$	1,562,500

 

Performance Units Company Target and Results Table

 

We have grantedannually grant one-year financial basedfinancial-based performance restricted stock unit awards and three-year non-financial based restricted stock unit awards each year since 2016.awards. We believe the combination of the one-year financial and three-year non-financial PSUs provides an appropriate balance of near- and long-term incentives for our management team. Our near-term objective of increasing the number of patients who benefit from our CF medicines in order to generate revenues complements our long-term strategic objectives, which require the reinvestment of these revenues into research and development in order to develop additional transformative medicines for serious diseases.

 

The final performance multipliers for the 2016 and 2017our 2019 financial-based performance restricted stock unit awards were determined by the MDCC and applied to the target units granted to determine the actual units earned and eligible to vest.vest with a payout of 200% in February 2020. The following chart shows the pre-established financial goals and the actual results for the financial-based performance restricted stock unit awards granted in 2016 and 2017:2019:

 

Award Year		Company Goal		Threshold			Target			Max			Results			Payout
2016		2016 CF Net Product Revenues		$	1.65 billion		$	1.75 billion		$	1.90 billion		$	1.68 billion		66.5	%
2017		2017 CF Net Product Revenues		$	1.50 billion		$	1.70 to 1.85 billion		$	2.05 billion		$	2.17 billion		200.0	%

Below

Award

Threshold

Threshold

Target

Max

Results

Year

Company Goal

0% Payout

50% Payout

100% Payout

200% Payout

CF Revenue

Payout

2019

2019 CF Net Product Revenues

<3.36 billion

$ 3.36 billion

$ 3.47 to $3.51 billion

$ 3.7 billion

$ 4.0 billion

200.0%

 

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Consistent with our philosophy of aligning compensation with performance:performance in 2019, a year in which we substantially exceeded our CF net product revenue expectations and exceeded the high end of our CF net product revenues guidance by nearly $500 million, the payout on our one-year financial PSU awards achieved the maximum level. The MDCC excluded approximately $156 million in one-time net product revenues recognized in the fourth quarter of 2019 related to prior period shipments of ORKAMBI distributed through a French early access program from 2015 through 2019 from the 2019 CF net product revenues that were considered in connection with achieving the financial goals.

	In 2016, a year in which we achieved or exceeded our goals with respect to KALYDECO net product revenues, but missed our goals with respect to ORKAMBI net product revenues, the payouts on our one-year financial restricted stock unit awards were significantly below target and nearly fell below the threshold levels at which point there would have been no payout on those awards; and
	In 2017, a year in which we substantially exceeded our KALYDECO net product revenues and ORKAMBI net product revenues expectations and exceeded the high end of our CF net product revenues guidance by more than $100 million, the payout on our one-year financial PSU awards achieved the maximum level.

 

The performance multiplegoals for the 2016 and 2017 non-financial based performance restricted stock unit awards were established in February 2017 and our performance against these goals was determined in the first quarter of 2020. There were three non-financial goals and achievement of one goal would have resulted in a 50% payout, achievement of two goals would have resulted in a 100% payout and achievement of three goals resulted in a payout of 200%.

Award Year	Company Goal		Results
2017	CF Portfolio Milestone - Approval in the United States of SYMDEKO		Achieved
	Next-Generation CFTR Corrector Milestone - Initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of a Triple Combination Regimen		Achieved
	Diversification Milestone - Initiation of first-in-human clinical trials for at least 2 new drug  candidates (excluding CF drug candidates)		Achieved

The performance multiples for the 2018, 2019 and 2020 non-financial based performance restricted stock awards will be determined in the first quarter of 20192021, 2022 and 2020,2023, respectively, based on performance over the relevant three-year performance period. The non-financial goals contained in our 3-yearthree-year performance restricted stock unit awards for 2018, 2019 and 2020 are not disclosed for competitive reasons and because the relevant performance periods are ongoing.

 

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Other Compensation Arrangements

 

Benefits

 

Our executives are eligible to participate in all of our benefit plans and programs on the terms made generally available to our employees, including medical insurance, dental insurance, payment of life insurance premiums, disability coverage, equity programs, including a career employment/retirement provision and participation in our employee stock purchase plan.plan and eligibility for matching contributions, subject to an annual $25,000 limit, to qualified charitable organizations pursuant to the Vertex Foundation Matching Gift Program. We have a defined contribution—a 401(k)—plan, in which our NEOs are eligible to participate. We make matching contributions to the 401(k) plan. The formula for determining the amount of our matching contributions is the same for our NEOs as for our other employees (and are subject to the same statutory maximum), but the actual contributions made to the accounts of our NEOs generally are at the top end of the range, due to the executives’ higher salaries and correspondingly higher cash contribution levels. WeOther than the retirement provision under our equity program available to all employees, we do not provide any other retirement benefits to our executive officers.

 

Employment Agreements and Post-Termination Compensation and Benefits

 

The initial compensation terms for newly hired members of our executive team are the result of negotiations between us, in consultation with the MDCC and our board of directors, and the executive being recruited.hired. In general, each newly hired executive team member enters into an employment agreement and a change of control agreement and is awarded a stock option grant and/orgranted a restricted stock unit award and/or a stock option award, and in some cases a cash sign-on bonus, reimbursement of moving expenses, and other benefits. We also enter into employment and change of control agreements with executivesexecutive vice presidents who are promoted to our executive team, on the basis of standard terms and conditions that have been recommended by our MDCC and approved by our board for such circumstances. We have entered into agreements providing for severance and change of control payments with each of the members ofexecutive vice president on our executive team including all of the NEOs, because we believe that they are a fair and effective way to allow our executives to maintain focus on our business in the face of market and other volatility in our industry.

 

In general, each employment arrangement provides for cash severance and continuation of certain employee benefits in the event that an executive’s employment is terminated by us without cause or is terminated by the executive for good reason. We use a “double trigger” with respect to benefits that are to be provided in connection with a change of control. A change of control does not itself trigger benefits; rather, benefits are paid only if the employment of the executive is terminated by us other than for cause, death or disability, or by the executive for good reason, during a specified period before or after a change of control. We believe a “double trigger” benefit maximizes shareholder value because it prevents a windfall to executives in the event of a change of control in which the executive retains significant responsibility as defined in his or her individual agreement, while still providing our executives appropriate incentives to cooperate in negotiating any change of control that may put their jobs at risk.

 

We offer a company-wide program that provides for accelerated vesting of equity awards held by qualified retirement-eligible participants. Equity awards granted, including those granted to our NEOs, contain a retirement vesting provision, under which a “qualified” participant who experiences a termination of service other than for cause will receive accelerated vesting of an additional number of shares underlying the award, equal to the sum of (x) 50% plus 10% for each year of service in excess of five full years of service multiplied by (y) the number of unvested shares subject to the award. A “qualified” participant is a participant who is at least age 55 and has completed at least five full years of service or whose age plus full years of service is 65 or greater and who, has completed a mandatory transitional period of employment with the company following notice of his or her planned termination of service.

In addition to the benefits that only accrue in connection with a change of control, our agreements with our executive officers provide benefits if we terminate their employment with us without cause or they terminate their employment with us for good reason, as such terms are defined in the applicable agreement with the executive officer. A further discussion of the terms and projected payments under each of our agreements with our named executive officers is set forth below under the headingEmployment Contracts and Change of Control Arrangements.Arrangements.

 

Tax Considerations

 

We would like our compensation program to be reasonably cost and tax effective. To the extent consistent with our other goals, we seek to preserve corporate tax deductions, while maintaining the flexibility to approve compensation arrangements that we believe are in the best interests of the company and our shareholders. The approach doesFollowing the introduction of U.S. tax reform, the performance-based exceptions and $1 million salary threshold for covered executives under Section 162(m) have been repealed. We continue to grant performance-based compensation as important elements of our compensation program that align corporate shareholder and company interests, even though these awards may not always result in full tax deductibility.

 

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Compensation Practices

 

Equity Grant Practices

Our board of directors generally grants annual equity awards to named executive officers at a board meeting scheduled in advance for early February. Scheduling decisions are made without regard to anticipated earnings or other major announcements by the company.

Newly hired employees, including executive officers, are sometimes granted restricted stock units and/or options effective on the first day of employment, with the options having an exercise price set at the average of the high and low price for our common stock on the employment start date. The employees’ start dates are scheduled without regard to anticipated earnings or other major announcements by the company.

 

The exercise price for each stock option awarded to our executive officers under our equity compensation program is equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant, which under our equity plans is the average of the high and low price for our common stock on the date of grant. Our board of directors generally grants annual equity awards to named executive officers at a board meeting scheduled in advance for early February. Scheduling decisions are made without regard to anticipated earnings or other major announcements by the company.

Newly hired employees, including executive officers, are sometimes granted options and/or restricted stock units effective on the first day of employment, with the options having an exercise price set at the average of the high and low price for our common stock on the employment start date. The employees’ start dates are scheduled without regard to anticipated earnings or other major announcements by the company.

 

In the past, the MDCC has recommended that our board make an additional, off-cycle equity award to an executive officer or group of officers in order to achieve one or more of the objectives of our executive compensation program. Supplemental grants have been made on an ad hoc basis, when warranted in the judgment of the MDCC and our board. No suchIn 2019, our board granted a supplemental award to Paul Silva for the increased responsibilities related to his additional role of leading the global finance function and performing interim CFO responsibilities as well as to retain him during a critical period of leadership transition. Except for this grant to Mr. Silva, we did not make any supplemental grants of equity compensation were made in 2017. Our MDCC and board do not currently anticipate making supplemental grants in 2018, but retain the discretion to do so if warranted in their judgment.2019.

 

Compensation Recoupment (“Clawback”) Policy

 

We have adopted a recoupment or clawback policy providing that, if our board of directors determines that an executive officer engaged in fraud or intentional misconduct that resulted in an incorrect determination that an incentive compensation performance goal had been achieved, the board may take appropriate action to recover from such executive officer any compensation that resulted from such determination. The board may require repayment for any bonus, equity or incentive compensation awarded to an executive officer who engaged in the fraud or intentional misconduct to the extent it was based on such incorrect determination.

 

Stock Ownership Guidelines

 

We have stock ownership guidelines for our chief executive officer and NEOs and guidelines for our non-employee directors, as discussed inNon-Employee Director Stock Ownership Guidelineson page 2830 of this proxy statement. The guidelines for our CEO and Executive Vice Presidents are set forth in the following table:

 

Employee	Minimum Shareholding Requirement
Chief Executive Officer	6X base salary or 150K150,000 shares of our common stock
Executive Vice Presidents	4X base salary

 

Individual holdings, and holdings of immediate family members, of (a) common stock, including(b) unvested restricted stock, (b) restricted stock units and (c) shares held through our 401(k) plan count toward meeting these guidelines. OurAs of March 31, 2020, our chief executive officer and our executive vice presidents currently satisfysatisfied the individual holding requirements.

 

Anti-Hedging and Pledging Policy

 

We prohibitOur Insider Trading Policy prohibits all of our directors and employees, including our named executive officers, from (i) short selling or hedging our securities, (ii) purchasing or selling derivative securities based on our securities and (iii) pledging our securities.

 

Risk Mitigation

 

Our MDCC reviews the risks and rewards associated with our compensation programs. The programs are designed with features that mitigate risk without diminishing the incentive nature of the compensation. We believe our compensation programs encourage and reward prudent business judgment and appropriate risk-taking over the short term and the long term. Our MDCC regularly evaluates the risks involved with our compensation programs and does not believe that any of our compensation programs create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our company.

 

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Risk Mitigation Factors

We believe that our annual cash bonus and long-term equity compensation programs, which account for most of our executive officers’ compensation, contain appropriate risk mitigation factors, as summarized below:

 

What We Do		What We Don’t Do
Caps on awards		No executive perquisites
Multiple performance factors		No supplemental pension benefits for executives
Range of awards; not all or nothing		No single-trigger vesting in connection with a change-in-control for equity awards
Compensation recoupment (clawback) policy		No hedging or pledging or speculative transactions in our securities
	by directors and executive officers
Balance of Short-short- and Long-term Incentiveslong-term incentives (through annual cash bonuses and equity awards)		No re-pricing of equity awards without shareholder approval
Anti-hedging policyExecutive and Non-Employee Director Stock Ownership Guidelines		No payment of dividends on unvested performance shares or units
Executive and Non-Employee Director Stock Ownership Guidelines
Policy against gross-ups
Independent compensation consultant		No 280G gross-ups
Robust shareholder outreach

Emphasis on Long-term Value Creation and Mitigation of Short-term Risk Taking

Our board believes that a key element of its risk oversight responsibilities is ensuring that our executive compensation program encourages implementation of our corporate strategy of investing in scientific innovation to create transformative medicines for people with serious disease and discourages decisions focused on creating short-term financial gains at the expense of long-term value creation. The board reviews our business performance, focusing on financial metrics and non-financial metrics, as well as other strategic factors including talent development and diversity to ensure our leaders are focusing on long-term growth in a manner aligned with our values.

Our MDCC reviews the performance of our executive officers using the above metrics. It also oversees the design of our executive compensation programs to ensure that our executive compensation program does not incentivize our executive officers, either individually or as a group, to make excessively risky business decisions that could maximize short-term results at the expense of long-term value. The independent Directors who serve on the MDCC are informed of our most significant risks, including those associated with research and development of new medicines, competition and the pricing of our medicines. Our MDCC, in consultation with its independent compensation consultant, ensures that our executive compensation programs are aligned with our long-term strategy and do not incentivize overly risky behavior.

 

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MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT AND
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT

 

The Management Development and Compensation Committee has reviewed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis and discussed that analysis with management. Based on its review and its discussions with management, the Management Development and Compensation Committee recommended to Vertex’s Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in Vertex’s proxy statement for its 20182020 annual meeting of shareholders and incorporated by reference into Vertex’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.2019. This report is provided by the following directors who comprise the Management Development and Compensation Committee:

 

Bruce I. Sachs (Chair)

Terrence C. Kearney

Elaine S. UllianYuchun Lee

William D. Young

 

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COMPENSATION AND EQUITY TABLES

 

Summary Compensation Table

 

The following table provides summary information concerning compensation earned by: (i)each of our presidentNEOs for 2019, 2018 and chief executive officer; (ii)2017. Dr. Reshma Kewalramani became our chief financial officer; (iii) our chief operating officer, who was our chief financial officer for a portionCEO and President and Dr. Jeffrey M. Leiden transitioned from the role of 2017;Chief Executive Officer and (iv) our other three most highly compensated employees who were serving as executive officers on December 31, 2017. We referPresident to these officers collectively as our named executive officers.the role of Executive Chairman in April 2020. Each of their principal positions during 2019 are set forth after their current principal positions in the table below.

 

Name and Principal Position		Year				Salary				Bonus				Stock Awards				Option Awards				Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation				All Other Compensation				Total
Jeffrey M. Leiden			2017			$	1,300,000			$	—			$	8,750,114			$	3,700,877			$	3,463,200			$	13,110			$	17,227,301
Chairman, President & CEO			2016			$	1,300,000			$	—			$	9,800,076			$	4,060,397			$	2,246,400			$	12,885			$	17,419,758
			2015			$	1,297,692			$	—			$	7,038,885			$	16,286,939			$	3,463,200			$	13,110			$	28,099,826
David Altshuler			2017			$	596,731			$	—			$	3,150,020			$	1,332,316			$	638,250			$	13,110			$	5,730,427
EVP & Chief Scientific Officer			2016			$	561,442			$	—			$	2,625,152			$	1,087,620			$	500,250			$	12,885			$	4,787,349
			2015			$	528,846			$	250,000			$	9,078,750			$	1,964,534			$	552,628			$	13,110			$	12,387,868
Thomas Graney			2017			$	154,423			$	150,000			$	1,500,140			$	—			$	110,392			$	12,445			$	1,927,400
SVP & Chief Financial Officer
Michael Parini			2017			$	694,519			$	—			$	3,150,020			$	1,332,316			$	788,655			$	13,110			$	5,978,620
EVP & Chief Legal and			2016			$	517,846			$	250,000			$	1,689,672			$	4,731,100			$	499,867			$	41,779			$	7,730,264
Administrative Officer
Amit Sachdev			2017			$	540,750			$	—			$	2,625,016			$	1,110,263			$	600,233			$	10,001			$	4,886,263
EVP & Chief Regulatory Officer			2016			$	540,750			$	—			$	3,150,148			$	1,305,144			$	438,007			$	960			$	5,435,009
Ian F. Smith			2017			$	848,077			$	—			$	2,625,016			$	1,110,263			$	1,339,770			$	13,110			$	5,936,236
EVP & Chief Operating Officer			2016			$	750,000			$	—			$	3,150,148			$	1,305,144			$	562,500			$	12,885			$	5,780,677
			2015			$	701,796			$	—			$	2,258,991			$	5,199,586			$	832,500			$	13,110			$	9,005,983

Name and Principal Position		Year				Salary				Bonus				Stock Awards(1)				Option Awards(1)				Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation				All Other Compensation				Total
Jeffrey M. Leiden			2019			$	1,300,000			$	—			$	9,334,681			$	4,572,039			$	3,510,000			$	73,265			$	18,789,985
Executive Chairman (CEO and President through March 31, 2020)			2018			$	1,300,000			$	—			$	9,800,288			$	4,243,973			$	3,440,151			$	14,735			$	18,799,147
			2017			$	1,300,000			$	—			$	8,750,114			$	3,700,877			$	3,463,200			$	13,110			$	17,227,301
Reshma Kewalramani			2019			$	702,308			$	—			$	3,215,952			$	1,575,011			$	1,260,000			$	63,665			$	6,816,936
CEO and President (EVP & Chief Medical Officer through March 31, 2020)
Charles F. Wagner, Jr.			2019			$	492,692			$	140,000			$	1,225,383			$	600,039			$	992,250			$	36,849			$	3,487,213
EVP & Chief Financial Officer
Stuart A. Arbuckle			2019			$	770,962			$	—			$	3,215,952			$	1,575,011			$	1,260,000			$	37,608			$	6,859,533
EVP & Chief Commercial Officer			2018			$	721,923			$	—			$	2,625,244			$	1,136,785			$	824,175			$	38,965			$	5,347,092
			2017			$	700,000			$	—			$	2,100,013			$	888,210			$	699,300			$	13,110			$	4,400,633
Amit Sachdev			2019			$	540,750			$	—			$	3,215,952			$	1,575,011			$	823,292			$	42,048			$	6,197,053
EVP & Chief Patient Officer			2018			$	540,750			$	—			$	3,150,448			$	1,364,130			$	602,261			$	20,672			$	5,678,261
			2017			$	540,750			$	—			$	2,625,016			$	1,110,263			$	600,233			$	10,001			$	4,886,263
Paul M. Silva			2019			$	442,569			$	—			$	1,895,084			$	468,803			$	378,000			$	13,401			$	3,197,857
SVP & Corporate Controller (Interim CFO for a portion of 2019)
Ian F. Smith			2019			$	75,192			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	1,376,648			$	1,451,840
Former EVP & Chief Operating Officer and Former Interim Chief Financial Officer			2018			$	850,000			$	—			$	2,625,244			$	1,136,785			$	—			$	14,105			$	4,626,134
			2017			$	848,077			$	—			$	2,625,016			$	1,110,263			$	1,339,770			$	13,110			$	5,936,236

(1)

Pursuant to applicable SEC rules the grant-date fair values of the equity awards granted in February 2019 for 2018 performance are included in 2019 compensation. Equity awards granted in February 2020 to Dr. Leiden, Dr. Kewalramani, Mr. Wagner, Mr. Arbuckle, Mr. Sachdev and Mr. Silva for 2019 performance are not reflected in the Summary Compensation Table above and the value of those awards for our 2020 named executive officers will be reflected in the Summary Compensation Table for next year’s proxy.

 

Bonus

 

Pursuant to applicable SEC rules, the annual cash bonuses earned by our named executive officers are set forth under the caption “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation.” Other bonuses, such as sign-on bonuses, are listed separately under the caption “Bonus.”

 

Stock Awards and Options Awards

 

Pursuant to applicable SEC rules, the grant-date fair values of the equity awards granted in February 2017 for 2016 performance are included in 2017 compensation. Equity awards granted in February 2018 for 2017 performance are not reflected in theSummary Compensation Tableabove and will be included as 2018 compensation in next year’s proxy statement. The amounts set forth under the captions “Stock Awards” and “Option Awards” in the table above represent the grant-date fair value of awards granted during the applicable fiscal year. Each year the equity awards reflected in the summary compensation table for a specific year reflect equity grants made early in that calendar year based on the executive’s performance in the year prior to the year the equity grants are awarded. Because a majority of our executive’s compensation is in the form of equity awards, the total compensation reflected in each executive’s compensation for 2019 in the table above is significantly affected by his or her performance during 2018. Our methodology for determining the grant-date fair value, including underlying estimates and assumptions for calculating these values and specifically the estimates used to apply the Black-Scholes option pricing mode, is set forth in Note NO to our consolidated financial statements included in our 20172019 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 15, 2018.13, 2020.

 

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED - 2020 Proxy Statement     63

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The “Stock Awards” for 20172019 consist of performance stock unit, or PSU, awards and time-vested restricted stock unit awards granted to Mr. Wagner as a sign-on award in April 2019 and to the other executive officers in February 20172019. In 2019, the non-financial PSU awards had a grant-date fair value of 50% of the fair value of the target shares, in accordance with GAAP. If the grant-date fair value of the non-financial PSU awards had been 100% of the fair value of the target shares it would increase the amounts set forth in the table above by $1.3 million for Dr. Leiden, $459 thousand for each of Dr. Kewalramani, Mr. Arbuckle and a sign-on equity grantMr. Sachdev, $175 thousand for Mr. Graney in September 2017.Wagner and $137 thousand for Mr. Silva. The “Stock Awards” for 20162018 consist of PSU awards and time-vested restricted stock unit awards granted in February 2016 and a sign-on equity grant for Mr. Parini in January 2016.2018. The “Stock Awards” for 20152017 consist of performance-acceleratedPSU awards and time-vested restricted stock or PARS,unit awards granted in February 2015 and a sign-on equity grant for Dr. Altshuler in February 2015.2017.

 

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED - 2018 Proxy Statement    68

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Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation—Annual Cash Bonus

 

The amounts set forth under the caption “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” in the table above represent annual cash bonuses for 2017, 20162019, 2018 and 20152017 performance, each of which was paid in the first quarter of the subsequent year. The cash bonus awards to the named executive officers for 20172019 performance were determined as follows:

 

Name		Base Salary			Individual Incentive Target					2017 Target Bonus			Company Performance Factor			Individual Performance Factor			Proration Factor					2017 Performance Cash Bonus
Jeffrey M. Leiden		$	1,300,000		x	120%		=		$	1,560,000		x	148%		x	150%		x	100%		=		$	3,463,200
David Altshuler		$	625,000		x	50%		=		$	312,500		x	148%		x	138%		x	100%		=		$	638,250
Thomas Graney		$	550,000		x	45%		=		$	247,500		x	148%		x	100%		x	30%		=		$	110,392
Michael Parini		$	725,000		x	50%		=		$	362,500		x	148%		x	147%		x	100%		=		$	788,655
Amit Sachdev		$	540,750		x	50%		=		$	270,375		x	148%		x	150%		x	100%		=		$	600,233
Ian F. Smith		$	850,000		x	75%		=		$	637,500		x	148%		x	142%		x	100%		=		$	1,339,770

Name		Base Salary				Individual Incentive Target						2019 Target Bonus				Company Performance Factor				Individual Performance Factor						2019 Performance Cash Bonus
Jeffrey M. Leiden		$	1,300,000			x	120%			=		$	1,560,000			x	150%			x	150%			=		$	3,510,000
Reshma Kewalramani		$	800,000			x	70%			=		$	560,000			x	150%			x	150%			=		$	1,260,000
Charles F. Wagner, Jr.		$	700,000			x	70%			=		$	490,000			x	150%			x	135%			=		$	992,250
Stuart A. Arbuckle		$	800,000			x	70%			=		$	560,000			x	150%			x	150%			=		$	1,260,000
Amit Sachdev		$	540,750			x	70%			=		$	378,525			x	150%			x	145%			=		$	823,292
Paul M. Silva		$	450,000			x	40%			=		$	180,000			x	150%			x	140%			=		$	378,000

 

All Other Compensation

 

The amounts set forth under the caption “All Other Compensation” in the table for 20172019 consist of:

 

Name		401(k) Match				Life Insurance Premiums				Total
Jeffrey M. Leiden		$	12,150			$	960			$	13,110
David Altshuler		$	12,150			$	960			$	13,110
Thomas Graney		$	12,150			$	295			$	12,445
Michael Parini		$	12,150			$	960			$	13,110
Amit Sachdev		$	9,041			$	960			$	10,001
Ian F. Smith		$	12,150			$	960			$	13,110

CEO Pay Ratio

The overall structure of our compensation and benefits programs are broadly similar across our organization, including a broad-based equity program pursuant to which all full-time employees receive equity, with differences reflecting the level of responsibility of the employees.

In 2017:

Name		401(k) Match				Life Insurance Premiums				Matching Gift Program				Severance Payment				Other				Total
Jeffrey M. Leiden		$	12,600			$	1,997			$	25,000			$	—			$	33,668	(1)		$	73,265
Reshma Kewalramani		$	12,600			$	1,122			$	5,000			$	—			$	44,943	(2)		$	63,665
Charles F. Wagner, Jr.		$	10,662			$	863			$	23,500			$	—			$	1,824	(3)		$	36,849
Stuart A. Arbuckle		$	12,600			$	1,310			$	20,200			$	—			$	3,498	(3)		$	37,608
Amit Sachdev		$	12,600			$	1,048			$	25,000			$	—			$	3,400	(3)		$	42,048
Paul M. Silva		$	12,600			$	801			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	13,401
Ian F. Smith		$	3,461			$	110			$	—			$	1,373,077			$	—			$	1,376,648

 

(1)	The ratioConsists of our CEO total compensation forreimbursement to Dr. Leiden to our median employee’s total compensation was 81:1of $16,775 for legal fees in connection with his employment agreement and tax reimbursements.
(2)	Consists of reimbursements to Dr. Kewalramani of $23,044 for reimbursement for legal fees in connection with her employment agreement and tax reimbursements.
(3)	Dr. Leiden’s total compensation equaled $17.2 million
	The total compensation for Vertex’s median employee equaled $211,511Tax reimbursements.

The 2017 compensation for our CEO and median employee were calculated using the same methodology required by the SEC for reporting named executive officer compensation in the Summary Compensation Table.

Methodology

Our measure of compensation for the median employee was consistently applied and includes:

	Base salary (including any local allowances)
	Incentive pay (including cash bonuses, sales incentives and other variable pay programs)
	Grant date fair value of equity awards
	Any other cash awards or payments

We included all Vertex employees on October 1, 2017 located in five countries for the purposes of determining the median employee, which represented 95% of our employees globally (2,208 of our 2,323 employees global employees). As of October 1, 2017, we had 1,882 U.S. employees. We excluded 115 employees from 13 countries (Canada, France, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Ireland, Sweden, Austria, Brazil, Denmark, Greece, Belgium and Portugal) under the SEC’sde minimisexception.

 

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED - 20182020 Proxy Statement     6964

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We used the following material assumptions in applying our methodology:Grants of Plan-Based Awards During 2019

 

The following table provides information with respect to grants of awards to each of our named executive officers during 2019. Pursuant to SEC rules, (i) the threshold, target and maximum amounts payable pursuant to our 2019 annual cash bonus program are set forth in columns under “Estimated Possible Payouts under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards”, (ii) the threshold, target and maximum number of shares that could vest pursuant to PSUs granted in 2019 are set forth in columns under “Estimated Future Payouts under Equity Incentive Plan Awards”, (iii) the number of shares granted pursuant to other restricted stock unit awards in 2019 is set forth under “All Other Stock Awards: Number of Shares of Stock or Units” and (iv) the number of shares subject to option awards granted in 2019 is set forth under “All Other Option Awards: Number of Securities Underlying Options”.

				Estimated Possible Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards												Estimated Future Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards (shares)												All Other Stock Awards: Number of Shares of Stock or				All Other Option Awards: Number of Securities Underlying				Exercise or Base Price of Option				Closing Price of Stock on				Grant-Date Fair Value of Stock and Option
Name		Grant Date		Threshold ($)				Target ($)				Maximum ($)				Threshold (#)				Target (#)				Maximum (#)				Units (#)				Options (#)				Awards ($/Sh)				Grant Date ($/Sh)				Awards ($)
Jeffrey M. Leiden				$	0			$	1,560,000			$	3,510,000
		2/6/2019															—				14,222				28,444																			$	2,667,052
		2/6/2019															—				14,222				28,444																			$	1,333,526
		2/6/2019																											28,444															$	5,334,103
		2/6/2019																															72,647			$	187.53			$	182.39			$	4,572,039
Reshma Kewalramani				$	0			$	560,000			$	1,260,000
		2/6/2019															—				4,900				9,800																			$	918,897
		2/6/2019															—				4,900				9,800																			$	459,449
		2/6/2019																											9,799															$	1,837,606
		2/6/2019																															25,026			$	187.53			$	182.39			$	1,575,011
Charles F. Wagner, Jr.				$	0			$	490,000			$	1,102,500
		4/10/2019															—				1,849				3,698																			$	350,164
		4/10/2019															—				1,849				3,698																			$	175,082
		4/10/2019																											3,697															$	700,138
		4/10/2019																															9,532			$	189.38			$	190.37			$	600,039
Stuart A. Arbuckle				$	0			$	560,000			$	1,260,000
		2/6/2019															—				4,900				9,800																			$	918,897
		2/6/2019															—				4,900				9,800																			$	459,449
		2/6/2019																											9,799															$	1,837,606
		2/6/2019																															25,026			$	187.53			$	182.39			$	1,575,011
Amit Sachdev				$	0			$	378,525			$	851,681
		2/6/2019															—				4,900				9,800																			$	918,897
		2/6/2019															—				4,900				9,800																			$	459,449
		2/6/2019																											9,799															$	1,837,606
		2/6/2019																															25,026			$	187.53			$	182.39			$	1,575,011
Paul M. Silva				$	0			$	180,000			$	405,000
		2/6/2019															—				1,459				2,918																			$	273,606
		2/6/2019															—				1,459				2,918																			$	136,803
		2/6/2019																											7,917															$	1,484,675
		2/6/2019																															7,449			$	187.53			$	182.39			$	468,803

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED - 2020 Proxy Statement     65

	Annualized Pay. Base pay was annualized for employees who worked a partial year.

Back to Contents	Reasonable Estimates. Variable pay programs are a significant component of our pay for performance philosophy. Reasonable estimates were used for employees whose participation in our annual cash incentives/bonuses and long-term incentives/equity awards were limited by their date of hire; provided that (i) no estimate was used for annual cash incentives/bonuses if an employee received any form of cash award upon hire and (ii) no estimate was used for long-term incentives/equity awards if an employee received an equity award upon hire.
	Foreign Exchange Rates.Foreign currencies were converted into U.S. dollars using the average monthly rates for the 12 month measurement period.

Annual Cash Bonus.The amounts in the “Estimated Possible Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards” column represent the minimum threshold, target and maximum amounts that our named executive officers were eligible for pursuant to our 2019 annual cash bonus program. Actual amounts paid to each of the named executive officers under this program for 2019 performance are set forth in theSummary Compensation Tableabove.

 

PSU.The amounts in the “Estimated Future Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards” column represent the minimum threshold, target and maximum amounts that could vest pursuant to PSUs granted in 2019. Pursuant to GAAP, the grant date value of the financial PSU was based on 100% of the fair value of the target shares and the grant date value of the non-financial PSU awards was based on 50% of the fair value of the target shares in 2019. These awards vest if, and only if, performance objectives are achieved, as described in the footnotes to the tableOutstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End for 2019below.

Time-Based Restricted Stock Units.The amounts in the “All Other Stock Awards: Number of Shares of Stock or Units” column represent the number of time-based restricted stock units, which vest annually over three years, granted to the named executive officers in 2019.

Options.In accordance with our stock and option plans, the exercise prices for the stock options granted to our named executive officers during 2019 were equal to the average of the high and the low prices of our common stock on the grant date. Each stock option set forth in the table above was granted subject to vesting in 16 quarterly installments during the first four years of its ten-year term.

Narrative Disclosure to Summary Compensation Table and Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table

Each NEO has entered into an employment agreement with the company, which provides the executives the right to participate in all of the company’s compensation and benefits plans and equity programs, as described inCompensation Discussion & Analysis.

Option Exercises and Stock Vested for 20172019

 

The following table sets forth the value realized by our named executive officers from options to purchase common stock exercised by the named executive officers during 20172019 and shares of stock that vested during 2017.2019. The value realized per share for options is based on the difference between the exercise price and the fair market value of the shares of common stock on the date the options were exercised. The value realized on vesting of stock awards is based on the fair market value of the shares of common stock on the vesting date.

 

		Option Awards								Stock Awards								Option Awards								Stock Awards
Name		Number of Shares Acquired on Exercise				Value Realized on Exercise				Number of Shares Acquired on Vesting				Value Realized on Vesting				Number of Shares Acquired on Exercise				Value Realized on Exercise				Number of Shares Acquired on Vesting				Value Realized on Vesting
Jeffrey M. Leiden			482,572			$	48,715,169				181,154			$	25,009,344				532,500			$	47,520,184				164,678			$	30,172,926
David Altshuler			45,775			$	3,201,515				6,403			$	568,330
Thomas Graney			—			$	—				2,391			$	360,348
Michael Parini			17,614			$	1,215,588				3,450			$	290,835
Reshma Kewalramani																			8,258			$	304,265				2,126			$	397,817
Charles F. Wagner, Jr.																			—			$	—				—			$	—
Stuart A. Arbuckle																			34,018			$	2,503,244				49,047			$	8,990,606
Amit Sachdev			131,000			$	8,996,220				56,309			$	8,090,519				31,388			$	3,371,816				50,469			$	9,235,012
Paul M. Silva																			5,105			$	515,174				10,465			$	1,943,619
Ian F. Smith			239,013			$	18,549,751				93,034			$	13,644,357				67,124			$	5,010,157				66,355			$	12,497,697

 

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Grants of Plan-Based Awards During 2017

The following table provides information with respect to grants of awards to each of our named executive officers during 2017. Pursuant to SEC rules, (i) the threshold, target and maximum amounts payable pursuant to our 2017 annual cash bonus program are set forth in columns three through five, (ii) the threshold, target and maximum number of shares that could vest pursuant to PSUs granted in 2017 are set forth in columns six through eight, (iii) the number of shares granted pursuant to other restricted stock unit awards in 2017, including a sign-on equity grant for Mr. Graney, is set forth in column nine and (iv) the number of shares subject to option awards granted in 2017 is set forth in column ten.

						Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards												Estimated Future Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards (shares)												All Other Stock Awards: Number of Shares of Stock or				All Other Option Awards: Number of Securities Underlying				Exercise or Base Price of Option				Closing Price of Stock on				Grant-Date Fair Value of Stock and Option
Name		Grant Date				Threshold ($)				Target ($)				Maximum ($)				Threshold (#)				Target (#)				Maximum (#)				Units (#)				Options (#)				Awards ($/Sh)				Grant Date ($/Sh)				Awards ($)
Jeffrey M. Leiden						$	0			$	1,560,000			$	3,510,000
			2/3/2017																0				25,284				50,568																			$	2,187,572
			2/3/2017																0				25,283				50,566																			$	2,187,485
			2/3/2017																												50,567															$	4,375,057
			2/3/2017																																103,550			$	86.52			$	86.73			$	3,700,877
David Altshuler						$	0			$	312,500			$	703,125
			2/3/2017																0				9,102				18,204																			$	787,505
			2/3/2017																0				9,102				18,204																			$	787,505
			2/3/2017																												18,204															$	1,575,010
			2/3/2017																																37,278			$	86.52			$	86.73			$	1,332,316
Thomas Graney						$	0			$	74,589			$	167,825
			9/13/2017																												9,566															$	1,500,140
Michael Parini						$	0			$	362,500			$	815,625
			2/3/2017																0				9,102				18,204																			$	787,505
			2/3/2017																0				9,102				18,204																			$	787,505
			2/3/2017																												18,204															$	1,575,010
			2/3/2017																																37,278			$	86.52			$	86.73			$	1,332,316
Amit Sachdev						$	0			$	270,375			$	608,344
			2/3/2017																0				7,585				15,170																			$	656,254
			2/3/2017																0				7,585				15,170																			$	656,254
			2/3/2017																												15,170															$	1,312,508
			2/3/2017																																31,065			$	86.52			$	86.73			$	1,110,263
Ian F. Smith						$	0			$	637,500			$	1,434,375
			2/3/2017																0				7,585				15,170																			$	656,254
			2/3/2017																0				7,585				15,170																			$	656,254
			2/3/2017																												15,170															$	1,312,508
			2/3/2017																																31,065			$	86.52			$	86.73			$	1,110,263

Annual Cash Bonus.The amounts in the “Estimated Possible Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards” column represent the minimum threshold, target and maximum amounts that our named executive officers were eligible for pursuant to our 2017 annual cash bonus program. The amounts for Mr. Graney, who joined our company in September 2017, reflect the pro rata portion of the amount of his potential annual cash bonus in 2017. Actual amounts paid to each of the named executive officers under this program for 2017 performance are set forth in theSummary Compensation Tableabove.

PSU.The amounts in the “Estimated Future Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards” column represent the minimum threshold, target and maximum amounts that could vest pursuant to PSUs granted in 2017. These awards vest if, and only if, performance objectives are achieved, as described in the footnotes to the tableOutstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End for 2017below.

Time-Based Restricted Stock Units.The amounts in the “All Other Stock Awards: Number of Shares of Stock or Units” column represent the number of time-based restricted stock units granted to the named executive officers in 2017 and a sign-on equity grant for Mr. Graney in September 2017. The number of time-based restricted stock units to these named executive officers were made in February 2017 on account of the executives’ performances in 2016.

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED - 2018 Proxy Statement    71

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Options.In accordance with our stock and option plans, the exercise prices for the stock options granted to our named executive officers during 2017 were equal to the average of the high and the low prices of our common stock on the grant date. As a result, in 2017, the exercise prices of options granted to our named executive officers were lower than the grant-date closing price for the February 3, 2017 grants. In the future, we expect that options will continue to be granted with exercise prices equal to the average of the high and low prices of our common stock on the grant date, and that as a result the exercise prices are likely to be different from the closing price of our common stock on the grant date. Each stock option set forth in the table above was granted subject to vesting in 16 quarterly installments during the first four years of its ten-year term.

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End for 20172019

 

The following table provides information with respect to outstanding equity awards held by each of our named executive officers on December 31, 2017,2019, based on the closing price of $149.86$218.95 per share of our common stock on December 29, 2017:31, 2019:

 

		Option Awards																	Stock Awards													Option Awards																Stock Awards
Name		Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Exercisable (shares)(1)				Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Unexercisable (shares)(1)				Option Exercise Price (per share)				Option Expiration Date(2)		Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (shares)				Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested				Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested (shares)				Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Market or Payout Value of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested				Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Exercisable (shares)(1)		Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Unexercisable (shares)(1)				Option Exercise Price (per share)				Option Expiration Date		Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (shares)				Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested				Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested (shares)				Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Market or Payout Value of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested
Jeffrey M. Leiden			Restricted Stock																													Time-based RSU
																	32,250	(2)		$	4,832,985																								16,856	(2)		$	3,690,621
			Time-based RSU																																										20,999	(3)		$	4,597,731
																	35,878	(3)		$	5,376,677																								28,444	(4)		$	6,227,814
																	50,567	(4)		$	7,577,971											Performance-based RSU
		Performance-based RSU																																											16,856	(5)		$	3,690,621
																	11,930	(5)		$	1,787,830																								21,000	(6)		$	4,597,950
																									26,908	(6)		$	4,032,433																25,283	(7)		$	5,535,713
																									25,284	(7)		$	3,789,060																14,222	(8)		$	3,113,907
																									25,283	(8)		$	3,788,910																								15,749	(9)		$	3,448,244
			Stock Options																																																		14,222	(10)		$	3,113,907
			55,313				0			$	45.11			2/4/2023																		Stock Options
			44,250				0			$	48.74			7/24/2022																		71,190			32,360			$	86.52			2/2/2027
			199,687				13,313			$	77.31			2/4/2024																		100,571			6,705			$	91.05			2/1/2026
			106,500				0			$	83.36			7/29/2023																		106,500			0			$	96.87			7/14/2024
			19,415				84,135			$	86.52			2/2/2027																		31,957			41,089			$	155.57			2/5/2028
			46,933				60,343			$	91.05			2/1/2026																		13,621			59,026			$	187.53			2/5/2029
			86,531				19,969			$	96.87			7/14/2024
			146,437				66,563			$	109.14			2/2/2025
			59,906				46,594			$	131.89			7/20/2025
David Altshuler			Restricted Stock
Reshma Kewalramani																																Time-based RSU
																	75,000	(9)		$	11,239,500																								955	(11)		$	209,097
			Time-based RSU																																										9,799	(4)		$	2,145,491
																	9,611	(3)		$	1,440,304											Performance-based RSU
																	18,204	(4)		$	2,728,051																								2,344	(6)		$	513,219
		Performance-based RSU																																											4,900	(8)		$	1,072,855
																	3,196	(5)		$	478,953																																1,758	(9)		$	384,914
																									7,208	(6)		$	1,080,191																								4,900	(10)		$	1,072,855
																									9,102	(7)		$	1,364,026			Stock Options
																									9,102	(8)		$	1,364,026			0			4,587			$	155.57			2/5/2028
			Stock Options																													0			20,334			$	187.53			2/5/2029
Charles F. Wagner, Jr.																																Time-based RSU
			6,989				30,289			$	86.52			2/2/2027																															3,697	(4)		$	809,458
			1,796				16,164			$	91.05			2/1/2026																		Performance-based RSU
			19,125				14,875			$	131.89			7/20/2025																															1,849	(8)		$	404,839
Thomas Graney			Time-based RSU
																	7,175	(10)		$	1,075,246																																1,849	(10)		$	404,839
																																Stock Options
																																1,191			8,341			$	189.38			4/9/2029

 

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED - 20182020 Proxy Statement     7267

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		Option Awards																Stock Awards														Option Awards																Stock Awards
Name		Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Exercisable (shares)(1)				Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Unexercisable (shares)(1)				Option Exercise Price (per share)				Option Expiration Date(2)		Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (shares)				Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested				Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested (shares)				Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Market or Payout Value of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested				Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Exercisable (shares)(1)		Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Unexercisable (shares)(1)				Option Exercise Price (per share)				Option Expiration Date		Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (shares)				Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested				Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested (shares)				Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Market or Payout Value of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested
Michael Parini			Restricted Stock
Stuart A. Arbuckle																																Time-based RSU
																																													4,046	(2)		$	885,872
																																													5,625	(3)		$	1,231,594
																																													9,799	(4)		$	2,145,491
																																Performance-based RSU
																																													4,046	(5)		$	885,872
																	10,350	(11)		$	1,551,051																								5,626	(6)		$	1,231,813
			Time-based RSU																																										6,068	(7)		$	1,328,589
																	18,204	(5)		$	2,728,051																								4,900	(8)		$	1,072,855
		Performance-based RSU																																																			4,219	(9)		$	923,750
																									9,102	(7)		$	1,364,026																								4,900	(10)		$	1,072,855
																									9,102	(8)		$	1,364,026			Stock Options
			Stock Options																													0			7,767			$	86.52			2/2/2027
			0				30,289			$	86.52			2/2/2027																		0			2,156			$	91.05			2/1/2026
			0				23,375			$	90.29			7/11/2026																		0			11,006			$	155.57			2/5/2028
			29,750				38,250			$	122.45			1/3/2026																		4,692			20,334			$	187.53			2/5/2029
Amit Sachdev			Restricted Stock																													Time-based RSU
																	8,625	(2)		$	1,292,543																								5,057	(2)		$	1,107,230
			Time-based RSU																																										6,750	(3)		$	1,477,913
																	11,533	(3)		$	1,728,335																								9,799	(4)		$	2,145,491
																	15,170	(4)		$	2,273,376											Performance-based RSU
		Performance-based RSU																																											5,058	(5)		$	1,107,449
																	3,835	(5)		$	574,713																								6,752	(6)		$	1,478,350
																									8,649	(6)		$	1,296,139																7,585	(7)		$	1,660,736
																									7,585	(7)		$	1,136,688																4,900	(8)		$	1,072,855
																									7,585	(8)		$	1,136,688																								5,063	(9)		$	1,108,544
			Stock Options																																																		4,900	(10)		$	1,072,855
			18,672				2,578			$	77.31			2/4/2024																		Stock Options
			27,500				0			$	83.36			7/29/2023																		0			9,708			$	86.52			2/2/2027
			5,824				25,241			$	86.52			2/2/2027																		0			2,156			$	91.05			2/1/2026
			15,085				19,397			$	91.05			2/1/2026																		42,500			0			$	109.14			2/2/2025
			22,343				5,157			$	96.87			7/14/2024																		34,000			0			$	131.89			7/20/2025
			39,531				17,969			$	109.14			2/2/2025																		10,272			13,207			$	155.57			2/5/2028
			19,125				14,875			$	131.89			7/20/2025																		4,692			20,334			$	187.53			2/5/2029
Ian F. Smith			Restricted Stock
																	10,350	(2)		$	1,551,051
			Time-based RSU
																	11,533	(3)		$	1,728,335
																	15,170	(4)		$	2,273,376
		Performance-based RSU
																	3,835	(5)		$	574,713
																									8,649	(6)		$	1,296,139
																									7,585	(7)		$	1,136,688
																									7,585	(8)		$	1,136,688
			Stock Options
			0				4,250			$	77.31			2/4/2024
			5,824				25,241			$	86.52			2/2/2027
			0				19,397			$	91.05			2/1/2026
			0				6,375			$	96.87			7/14/2024
			46,750				21,250			$	109.14			2/2/2025
			19,125				14,875			$	131.89			7/20/2025

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED - 2020 Proxy Statement     68

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		Option Awards																Stock Awards
Name		Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Exercisable (shares)(1)		Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Unexercisable (shares)(1)				Option Exercise Price (per share)				Option Expiration Date		Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (shares)				Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested				Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested (shares)				Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Market or Payout Value of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested
Paul M. Silva		Time-based RSU
															2,107	(2)		$	461,328
															2,813	(3)		$	615,906
															2,917	(4)		$	638,677
															5,000	(12)		$	1,094,750
		Performance-based RSU
															2,108	(5)		$	461,547
															2,814	(6)		$	616,125
															3,160	(7)		$	691,882
															1,459	(8)		$	319,448
																							2,110	(9)		$	461,985
																							1,459	(10)		$	319,448
		Stock Options
		2,427			4,045			$	86.52			2/2/2027
		2,578			2,579			$	90.29			7/11/2026
		3,867			1,290			$	91.05			2/1/2026
		16,758			0			$	109.14			2/2/2025
		13,750			0			$	131.89			7/20/2025
		4,280			5,503			$	155.57			2/5/2028
		1,396			6,053			$	187.53			2/5/2029

 

(1)	Unvested stock options are vestingvest in 16 quarterly installments during the first four years of their ten-year terms. The option expiration dates listed above reflect the final expiration date for each of the listed options. If the named executive officer’s service with us is terminated, the options would expire, subject to certain exceptions, 90 days after the termination of service.
(2)	Each of theseThese time-based restricted stock unit awards is a PARS award,vest in three annual installments. The shares listed on the table above represent the third annual installment, which is subject to time-based vestingvested on February 3, 2019, the fourth anniversary of grant, subject to acceleration of vesting upon the achievement of specified performance objectives. The vesting accelerates for the shares upon (i) worldwide net ORKAMBI sales, excluding U.S. net ORKAMBI sales, for a 12-month period ending on a calendar quarter that is equal to or greater than $500 million or (ii) completion of a pivotal clinical trial of a non-cystic fibrosis drug candidate that provides sufficient data to support a new drug application.10, 2020.

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED - 2018 Proxy Statement    73

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(3)	These time-based restricted stock unit awards vested as to one half ofvest in three annual installments. The shares listed on the sharestable above represent the second and third annual installments, which vested on February 10, 201817, 2020 and the remaining shareswere scheduled to vest on February 10, 2019.
	17, 2021, respectively.
(4)	These time-based restricted stock unit awards vested as to one third ofvest in three annual installments. The shares listed on the sharestable above represent the three annual installments, which vested on February 10, 201824, 2020, and vestswere scheduled to vest in two remaining annual installments on February 10, 201924, 2021 and 2020.
	2022.
(5)	This performance stock unit award was based on the achievement of one-year financial performance metrics tied to our net product revenue for medicines for the treatment of cystic fibrosisCF during 2016. The remaining2017. In February 2018, our MDCC certified as to the level of performance at 200% of the number of target shares with the earned shares vestvesting in twoannual installments on February 10, 2018, 2019 and 2020. The shares listed on the table above represent the final installment of earned shares, which vested on February 10, 2020.
(6)	This performance stock unit award was based on the achievement of one-year financial performance metrics tied to our net product revenue for medicines for the treatment of CF during 2018, with vesting of the earned shares in three equal installments on each of February 10, 201817, 2019, 2020 and 2019. On2021. In February 3, 20172019, our management development and compensation committeeMDCC certified as to the level of performance-goalperformance at 66.5%200% of the number of target shares. The shares listed on the table above represent the second and third installments of earned shares, which vested on February 17, 2020 and were scheduled to vest on February 17, 2021, respectively.
(7)	This performance stock unit award is based on the achievement of three-year non-financial performance metrics. The awards provide for multiple clinical and research milestones, with a payout range of zero to 200%. In February 2020, our MDCC certified as to the level of performance at 200% of the number of target shares. The earned shares vested on February 10, 2020.
(8)	This performance stock unit award was based on the achievement of one-year financial performance metrics tied to our net product revenue for medicines for the treatment of CF during 2019, with vesting of the earned shares in three equal installments scheduled for each of February 24, 2020, 2021 and 2022. In February 2020, our MDCC certified as to the level of performance at 200% of the number of target shares.
(6)(9)	This performance stock unit award is based on the achievement of three-year non-financial performance metrics. The awards provide for multiple clinical and research milestones, with a payout range of zero to 200%. The specific clinical and research milestones are not disclosed for competitive reasons. Performance against these goals will be certified by theour MDCC in early 2019.2021.
(7)	This performance stock unit award was based on the achievement of one-year financial performance metrics tied to our net product revenue for medicines for the treatment of cystic fibrosis during 2017 and with vesting of the earned shares in three equal installments on each of February 10, 2018, 2019 and 2020. On February 6, 2018 our management development and compensation committee certified as to the level of performance-goal at 200% of the number of target shares.
(8)(10)	This performance stock unit award is based on the achievement of three-year non-financial performance metrics. The awards provide for multiple clinical and research milestones, with a payout range of zero to 200%. The specific clinical and research milestones are not disclosed for competitive reasons. Performance against these goals will be certified by theour MDCC in early 2020.2022.
(9)(11)	This retention award vested in January 2018 based on achievement of positive EBITDA for the 12-month period ending September 30, 2017.
(10)	These time-based restricted stock unit awards compriseaward is an equity award granted to Dr. Kewalramani, which vested on February 17, 2020.
(12)	This time-based restricted stock unit award is a sign-onone-time equity award granted to Mr. Graney andSilva, which will vest in three remaining annual installments on each of September 30, 2018, 2019 and 2020.
(11)	This restricted stock award comprises a sign-on equity award granted to Mr. Parini and vested as to one third of the shares on January 4, 2018 and vests in two remaining annual installments on January 4, 2019 and 2020.February 28, 2021.

 

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED - 20182020 Proxy Statement     7469

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SUMMARY OF TERMINATION AND CHANGE OF CONTROL BENEFITS

 

The amounts shown in the following table are calculated based on the amounts that would have been payable by us had the listed named executive officer experienced an employment termination on December 31, 2017.2019.

 

		Voluntary Termination or Retirement/ Termination for Cause				Separate From a Change of Control Involuntary Termination Other Than for Cause/ Termination by Executive With Good Reason				In Connection With a Change of Control Involuntary Termination Other Than for Cause/ Termination by Executive for Good Reason				Disability				Death				Voluntary Termination or Retirement/ Termination for Cause				Separate From a Change of Control Involuntary Termination Other Than for Cause/ Termination by Executive With Good Reason				In Connection With a Change of Control Involuntary Termination Other Than for Cause/ Termination by Executive for Good Reason				Disability				Death
Jeffrey M. Leiden
Cash Severance Benefits		$	—			$	4,420,000			$	10,111,400			$	1,560,000			$	1,560,000			$	—			$	26,860,000			$	26,860,000			$	1,560,000			$	1,560,000
Continuation of Employee Benefits			—				40,328				40,328				—				—				—				29,049				29,049				—				—
Accelerated Vesting of Stock Options			—				11,559,710				14,449,638				7,887,746				14,449,638				—				9,601,822				9,601,822				8,744,669				9,601,822
Accelerated Vesting of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units			—				24,948,693				31,185,866				14,602,533				31,185,866
Accelerated Vesting of Restricted Stock Units																							—				38,016,507				38,016,507				37,844,622				38,016,507
TOTAL		$	—			$	40,968,731			$	55,787,232			$	24,050,279			$	47,195,504			$	—			$	74,507,378			$	74,507,378			$	48,149,291			$	49,178,329
David Altshuler
Reshma Kewalramani
Cash Severance Benefits		$	—			$	937,500			$	1,250,000			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	3,040,000			$	3,040,000			$	—			$	—
Continuation of Employee Benefits			—				26,885				26,885				—				—				—				43,219				28,813				—				—
Accelerated Vesting of Stock Options			—				—				3,136,414				—				3,136,414				—				603,855				929,618				929,618				929,618
Accelerated Vesting of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units			—				—				19,695,051				—				19,695,051
Accelerated Vesting of Restricted Stock Units																							—				1,538,489				5,398,431				5,398,431				5,398,431
TOTAL		$	—			$	964,385			$	24,108,350			$	—			$	22,831,465			$	—			$	5,225,563			$	9,396,862			$	6,328,049			$	6,328,049
Thomas Graney
Charles F. Wagner, Jr.
Cash Severance Benefits		$	—			$	797,500			$	1,045,000			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	1,190,000			$	1,680,000			$	—			$	—
Continuation of Employee Benefits			—				26,885				26,885				—				—				—				26,062				26,062				—				—
Accelerated Vesting of Stock Options			—				—				—				—				—				—				—				246,643				246,643				246,643
Accelerated Vesting of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units			—				—				1,075,246				—				1,075,246
Accelerated Vesting of Restricted Stock Units																							—				—				1,619,135				1,619,135				1,619,135
TOTAL		$	—			$	824,385			$	2,147,131			$	—			$	1,075,246			$	—			$	1,216,062			$	3,571,840			$	1,865,778			$	1,865,778
Michael Parini
Stuart A. Arbuckle
Cash Severance Benefits		$	—			$	1,087,500			$	1,450,000			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	1,360,000			$	1,920,000			$	—			$	—
Continuation of Employee Benefits			—				26,885				26,885				—				—				—				28,813				28,813				—				—
Accelerated Vesting of Stock Options			—				—				4,359,387				—				4,359,387				—				—				2,640,791				1,336,455				2,640,791
Accelerated Vesting of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units			—				—				7,007,154				—				7,007,154
Accelerated Vesting of Restricted Stock Units																							—				—				10,778,690				7,678,358				10,778,690
TOTAL		$	—			$	1,114,385			$	12,843,426			$	—			$	11,366,541			$	—			$	1,388,813			$	15,368,294			$	9,014,813			$	13,419,481
Amit Sachdev
Cash Severance Benefits		$	—			$	811,125			$	1,081,500			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	919,275			$	1,297,800			$	—			$	—
Continuation of Employee Benefits			—				26,636				26,636				—				—				—				28,563				28,563				—				—
Accelerated Vesting of Stock Options			—				2,919,447				4,198,807				—				4,198,807				—				2,414,289				3,037,337				1,475,954				3,037,337
Accelerated Vesting of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units			—				6,923,971				9,438,483				—				9,438,483
Accelerated Vesting of Restricted Stock Units																							—				10,943,090				12,231,423				8,356,008				12,231,423
TOTAL		$	—			$	10,681,179			$	14,745,426			$	—			$	13,637,290			$	—			$	14,305,217			$	16,595,123			$	9,831,962			$	15,268,760
Ian F. Smith
Paul M. Silva
Cash Severance Benefits		$	—			$	2,125,000			$	2,125,000			$	1,381,250			$	1,381,250			$	—			$	—			$	605,758			$	—			$	—
Continuation of Employee Benefits			—				26,885				26,885				—				—				—				—				28,813				—				—
Accelerated Vesting of Stock Options			—				3,238,895				4,518,255				2,490,020				4,518,255				—				—				1,571,450				538,965				1,571,450
Accelerated Vesting of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units			—				7,182,479				9,696,991				5,401,123				9,696,991
280G Excise Tax			—				—				—				—				—
Accelerated Vesting of Restricted Stock Units																							—				—				5,681,096				4,066,339				5,681,096
TOTAL		$	—			$	12,573,259			$	16,367,131			$	9,272,393			$	15,596,496			$	—			$	—			$	7,887,117			$	4,605,304			$	7,252,546

 

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED - 20182020 Proxy Statement     7570

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The amounts in the table above do not include any life insurance payments or disability insurance payments that the executive or the executive’s estate may receive under existing insurance policies. The assumptions underlying the calculations in the table include:

 

	The value of each share subject to an option to purchase common stock that would be accelerated or continue to vest in the circumstances described below underEmployment Contracts and Change of Control Arrangementsequals $149.86$218.95 per share (the closing price on the last trading day of 2017)2019), minus the exercise price per share.
	The value of each share of restricted stock for which our repurchase right would lapse or restricted stock unit that would be accelerated or continue to vest, in each case in the circumstances described below, equals $149.86$218.95 per share (the closing price on the last trading day of 2017)2019).
	Appropriate provision for the continuation of all then-outstanding options would be made in connection with a change of control.
	Our board of directors would elect not to pay a pro rata portion of an executive’s target bonus for the year of termination in cases where the executive’s employment is terminated voluntarily by the executive (for any reason, including retirement) or for cause, under our policy that cash bonuses are payable only to employees who are otherwise eligible and who remain employed by us on the date of bonus payment, typically in February of the next year.
	Our board of directors would have assigned the same 20172019 individual and company performance ratings on December 31, 20172019 as they assigned in the first quarter of 2018.
	2020.
	As of December 31, 2017, Dr. Leiden would not have received any benefits if he voluntarily retired. Under his amended and restated employment agreement and equity agreements and consistent with a program applicable to all our employees, in March 2020, when he completed his service to us as Chief Executive Officer and President, Dr. Leiden is entitled to receive certain additional benefits upon retirement if (i) he were to provide 12 months notice or (ii) he retires at the end of the termreceived acceleration of his employment agreement in March 2020.
	In addition to the amounts above, if Dr.  Altshuler had been involuntarily terminated by us as of December 31, 2017, then 20% of his retention award would have vested on January 12, 2018. The value of the shares that would have vested pursuant to this provision was $2,247,900 for Dr. Altshuler.outstanding equity.

 

The actual amounts that the named executive officers could receive in the future as a result of a termination of employment would likely differ materially from the amounts set forth above as a result of, among other things, changes in our stock price, changes in theirthe officers’ base salary, target bonus amounts and actual bonus amounts, and the vesting and grants of additional equity awards.

 

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED - 20182020 Proxy Statement     7671

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EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS AND CHANGE OF CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS

Executive Severance Arrangements

 

We have entered into agreements and maintain plans that will require us to provide to our named executive officers cash compensation, benefits and/or acceleration of the vesting of equity awards in the event of termination of employment or service as a director under specified circumstances. The following summary descriptions of such agreements with our named executive officers are qualified by the complete terms and conditions set forth in each of the agreements. In addition to the agreements described below, outstanding options granted under our stock and option plans provide that, in the event of certain changes of control, either appropriate provision for the continuation of all then-outstanding options must be made, or the vesting of those options will be accelerated and they will become fully exercisable immediately prior to such change of control. As described below, the benefits that are to be provided in connection with a change of control are subject to a “double trigger.” A change of control does not itself trigger benefits; rather, benefits are paid only if the employment of the executive is terminated by us other than for cause, death or disability or by the executive for good reason during a specified period before or after a change of control. The following descriptions are qualified in the entirety by the agreements with the named executive officers, which have been filed with the SEC.

 

In addition to the benefits described below, under programs applicable to all employees, if a named executive officer dies while an employee, his estate and/or beneficiaries would receive full acceleration of all outstanding equity awards.awards, and if a named executive officer’s employment is terminated due to disability the executive officer would receive full acceleration of equity grants made since 2018. None of our current employment agreements provide for a so-called Section 4999 excise tax “gross-up,” and we have a policy against providing so-called Section 4999 excise tax “gross-up” in the future.

 

Agreement with Jeffrey M. Leiden

On April 1, 2020, we entered into a new employment agreement with Dr. Leiden in connection with his appointment as Executive Chairman. Dr. Leiden’s employment agreement has a three year term and provides for (i) a base salary and bonus in the first year, (ii) annual equity grants with declining values over the three year term and (iii) eligibility to receive the other benefits generally made available to our executives. In addition, Dr. Leiden has agreed not to engage in specified competitive activities for 18 months after his employment with us terminates.

If (a) Dr. Leiden’s employment is terminated by us without cause or (b) he terminates his employment for good reason, he would be entitled to receive, subject to limited exceptions: (i) any base salary or annual bonus amounts for the first year remaining unpaid, (ii) a cash payment equal to grant date value of any remaining annual equity awards he would have received following the termination date under his agreement and (iii) continuation of certain employee benefits for up to 18 months.

If Dr. Leiden’s employment is terminated as a result of death or disability, he would be entitled to receive any base salary or annual bonus amounts for the first year remaining unpaid and a cash payment equal to the grant date value of the next annual equity award he would have received on the grant date immediately following the date of his termination.

Our prior employment agreement with Dr. Leiden, expired in accordance with its terms on March 31, 2020. Consistent with a program applicable to all our employees, in March 2020, when he completed his service to us as Chief Executive Officer and President, Dr. Leiden received acceleration of his outstanding equity and extension of the expiry of his outstanding options.

Agreements with Reshma Kewalramani

Effective April 1, 2020, Dr. Kewalramani’s written employment agreement provides that she is entitled to receive compensation as determined by our board of directors and is eligible to receive the benefits generally made available to our executives. In addition, Dr. Kewalramani has agreed not to engage in specified competitive activities for 12 months after her employment with us terminates.

Under our arrangements with Dr. Kewalramani, since July 24, 2019, if (i) Dr. Kewalramani’s employment is terminated by us without cause or (ii) she terminates her employment for good reason, she would be entitled to receive, subject to limited exceptions:

Severance Payment:	A)    200% of the sum of her (i) base salary at the time of termination and (ii) target bonus for the year in which her employment is terminated
	B)    Any annual bonus for the year prior to the year in which the termination occurs, if not yet paid
	C)    A pro-rated bonus for the year in which the termination occurs based on her target bonus for the year in which the termination occurs
Equity:	Outstanding options and restricted stock units unvested on the termination date would receive partial vesting based on the portion of the award(s) that would have vested during the 12-month period following the termination date
Employee Benefits:	Continuation of certain employee benefits for up to 18 months

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If (i) Dr. Kewalramani’s employment is terminated by us without cause or (ii) she terminates her employment for good reason, in each case, within 90 days prior to or 12 months after a change of control of the company, she would instead be entitled to receive:

Severance Payment:	A)    299% of the sum of her (i) base salary at the time of termination and (ii) target bonus for the year in which her employment is terminated
	B)    A pro-rated bonus for the year in which the termination occurs
	C)    All cash incentive awards earned by Dr. Kewalramani, if not yet paid
Equity:	Full vesting of all outstanding options and restricted stock unit awards (using target or earned shares, as applicable, for performance-based awards)
Employee Benefits:	Continuation of certain employee benefits for up to 18 months

Severance payments to Dr. Kewalramani in connection with a change of control may be reduced to increase their value to Dr. Kewalramani if such payments would be subject to an excise tax under Section 4999 of the Code. Prior to Dr. Kewalramani’s promotion to President and Chief Executive Officer, the terms and conditions of Dr. Kewalramani’s change of control agreement was similar to the agreements with Mr. Arbuckle and Mr. Wagner.

If Dr. Kewalramani’s employment is terminated as a result of death or disability, for equity awards not covered by the company-wide equity program described above, she would be entitled to receive:

	a pro-rated bonus for the year of employment termination;
	vesting of any options then unvested at the time of termination.

Agreements with Mr. Arbuckle and Mr. Wagner

Employment Agreements

 

The terms and conditions of Dr. Leiden’sMr. Arbuckle’s and Mr. Wagner’s employment are governed by a written employment contract, which was amended and restated in November 2016, and expires on March 31, 2020. Dr. Leiden’scontracts that were entered into at the time the respective officers joined our company. Each of these officer’s employment agreement provides that he is entitled to receive compensation as determined by our board of directors and is eligible to receive the benefits generally made available to our executives. In addition, Dr. Leiden has agreed not to engage in specified competitive activities for 18 months after his employment with us terminates.

If Dr. Leiden’s employment is terminated by us without cause or he terminates his employment for good reason he would be entitled to receive, subject to limited exceptions:

Severance Payment:	A)	100% of the sum of his (i) base salary at the time of termination and (ii) target bonus for the year in which his employment is terminated
	B)	A pro-rated bonus for the year in which the termination occurs based on his target bonus for the year in which the termination occurs
Equity:	Outstanding options, restricted stock and restricted stock units unvested on the termination date would receive partial vesting based on his years of service as an employee or non-employee director. This percentage is currently 80% and increases by 10% of each full year of service. Options granted starting in 2014 would remain exercisable for a ten year term.
Employee Benefits:	Continuation of certain employee benefits for up to 18 months

If Dr. Leiden’s employment is terminated by us without cause or he terminates his employment for good reason, in each case, within two years after a change of control of Vertex, he would instead be entitled to receive:

Severance Payment:	A)	299% of the sum of his (i) base salary at the time of termination and (ii) target bonus for the year in which his employment is terminated
	B)	A pro-rated bonus for the year in which the termination occurs
Equity:	Full vesting of all outstanding options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock unit awards.
Employee Benefits:	Continuation of certain employee benefits for up to 18 months

Severance payments to Dr. Leiden in connection with a change of control may be reduced to increase their value to Dr. Leiden if such payments would be subject to an excise tax under Section 4999 of the Code. Dr. Leiden’s employment agreement does not provide for a so-called Section 4999 excise tax “gross-up.”

If Dr. Leiden’s employment is terminated as a result of disability, he would be entitled to receive:

	a pro-rated bonus for the year of employment termination;
	vesting of options that would have vested during the 12 months following employment termination;
	for each restricted stock award that vests proportionally over time, vesting of all shares that would have vested in the 12 months following the employment termination;
	for each restricted stock award that cliff-vests on a specified date, vesting of shares pro rata over time on a daily basis from the date of grant through the date of employment termination; and
	for each RSU award, vesting of all shares that would have vested in the 12 months following the employment termination (using target or earned shares, as applicable, for performance-based awards), or, in the case of certain performance-based RSU awards, vesting of target shares pro-rata over time on a daily basis from the date of grant through the date of employment termination.

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If Dr.  Leiden dies while he is an employee, his estate and/or beneficiaries would receive a pro-rated bonus for the year of employment termination, as well as the full acceleration of his equity awards provided under our company-wide program.

Dr. Leiden is eligible for a company-wide program that started in 2014 which provides, for eligible employees, upon a voluntary termination with 12 months notice (including as a result of the expiration of the term of his employment agreement), additional vesting of outstanding equity based on years of service as an employee and non-employee director. Dr. Leiden currently would receive vesting of 80% of the unvested shares and this percentage will increase by 10% for each full year of service.

Ian F. Smith

The terms and conditions of Mr. Smith’s employment are governed by a written employment contract, which was entered into in 2001, amended and restated in 2004 and amended in 2008. Mr. Smith’s employment agreement provides that he is entitled to receive compensation as determined by our board of directors and is eligible to receive the benefits generally made available to our executives. In addition, Mr. Smithofficer has agreed not to engage in specified competitive activities for a period of one year after the termination of his employment with us.

 

If Mr. Smith’sUnder each employment agreement, (i) if the officer’s employment is terminated without cause or if he(ii) the officer terminates his employment with us of his own initiative for good reason or we do not renewwithin 30 days of the event giving rise to his agreement, other than in connection with a change of control as described below,right to terminate for good reason, subject to notice and cure provisions, he would be entitled to receive:

 

Severance Payment:	A)	The sum of his (i) base salary at the time of termination and (ii) target bonus for the year in which his employment is terminated
	B)	A pro rata portion of his target bonus for the year in which the termination occurs
Options:	Vesting of outstanding options that otherwise would have vested in the 18 months following termination
Restricted Stock:	Vesting of each outstanding restricted stock award that would otherwise have vested in the 18 months following the termination, treating each award that vests other than ratably as if it vests ratably over the term of the grant
Restricted Stock Units:	Vesting in full of each outstanding RSU award that would have otherwise vested in the 18 months following the termination (using target or earned shares, as applicable, for performance-based awards) or, in the case of certain performance-based RSU awards, vesting of target shares pro rata over time on a daily basis from the date of grant through the date that is 18 months following the termination
Employee Benefits:	Continuation of certain employee benefits for up to 12 months

 

IfChange of Control Agreements

We have a change of control agreement with each of Mr. Arbuckle and Mr. Wagner that were entered into at the time the respective officer joined our company. Under this agreement and the executive’s equity agreements, if we terminate Mr. Smith’sthe employment of the officer without cause on a date within the 90 days prior to or hethe 12 months after a change of control or any of these individuals terminates his employment with uswithin 30 days of an event giving rise to a right to terminate for good reason, in each case,subject to notice and cure provisions, and the event occurs on a date within the 90 days prior to or the 12 months after a change of control, he would be entitled to receive:

 

Severance Payment:	A)	The sum of his (i) base salary at the time of termination and (ii) target bonus for the year in which his employment is terminated
	B)	A pro rata portion of his target bonus for the year in which the termination occurs
Options:Equity	Full vesting of all outstanding options
Restricted Stock:	Full vesting of all outstanding and restricted stock awards
Restricted Stock Units:	Vesting in full of all outstanding RSUunit awards (using target or earned shares, as applicable, for performance-based awards)
Employee Benefits:	Continuation of certain employee benefits for up to 12 months
Tax Benefits:	Additional payments required to compensate him if payments made under the employment agreement result in certain adverse tax consequences including excise taxes under Section 4999 of the Code

 

If Mr. Smith’s employment is terminated asSeverance payments to the officer in connection with a resultchange of his disability, hecontrol may be reduced to increase their value to the applicable officer if such payments would receive six monthsbe subject to an excise tax under Section 4999 of severance pay, a pro rata portion of his target bonus for the year in which the termination occurred and 12 months’ acceleration of outstanding stock options, restricted stock awards and RSU awards (using target or earned shares, as applicable, for performance-based RSU awards), other than certain performance-based RSU awards which provide for vesting of target shares pro-rata over time on a daily basis from the date of grant through the date that is 12 months following the termination. If Mr. Smith dies while he is an employee, his estate and/or beneficiaries would receive six months of severance pay and a pro-rated target bonus for the year of employment termination, as well as the full acceleration of his equity awards provided under our company-wide program.Code.

 

Amit Sachdev

Employment Agreement

 

The terms and conditions of Mr. Sachdev’s employment are governed by a written employment contract, which was amended and restated in February 2013. His employment agreement provides that he is entitled to receive compensation as determined by our board of directors and is eligible to receive the benefits generally made available to our executives. In addition, Mr. Sachdev has agreed not to engage in specified competitive activities for a period of one year after the termination of his employment with us.

 

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Under his employment agreement and equity agreements, if (i) Mr. Sachdev’s employment is terminated without cause or (ii) he terminates his employment with us for good reason within 30 days of the event giving rise to his right to terminate for good reason, subject to notice and cure provisions, he would be entitled to receive:

 

Severance Payment:	The sum of his (i) base salary at the time of termination and (ii) target bonus for the year in which his employment is terminated
Options:	Vesting of outstanding options that otherwise would have vested in the 18 months following termination
Restricted Stock:	Vesting of each outstanding restricted stock award that would otherwise have vested in the 18 months following the termination, treating each award that vests other than ratably as if it vests ratably over the term of the grant
Restricted Stock Units:	Vesting in full of each outstanding RSU award that would have otherwise vested in the 18 months following the termination (using target or earned shares, as applicable, for performance-based awards) or, in the case of certain performance-based RSU awards, vesting of target shares pro rata over time on a daily basis from the date of grant through the date that is 18 months following the termination
Employee Benefits:	Continuation of certain employee benefits for up to 12 months

 

Change of Control Agreement

 

We have a change of control agreement with Mr. Sachdev, which was amended and restated in February 2013. Under this agreement and his equity agreements, if we terminate Mr. Sachdev’s employment without cause on a date within the 90 days prior to or the 12 months after a change of control or he terminates his employment within 30 days of an event giving rise to a right to terminate for good reason, subject to notice and cure provisions, and the event occurs on a date within the 90 days prior to or the 12 months after a change of control, he would be entitled to receive:

 

Severance Payment:	A)	The sum of his (i) base salary at the time of termination and (ii) target bonus for the year in which his employment is terminated
	B)	A pro rata portion of his target bonus for the year in which the termination occurs
Options:	Full vesting of all outstanding options
Restricted Stock:	Full vesting of all outstanding restricted stock awards
Restricted Stock Units:	Vesting in full of all outstanding RSU awards (using target or earned shares, as applicable, for performance-based awards)
Employee Benefits:	Continuation of certain employee benefits for up to 12 months

 

Severance payments to Mr. Sachdev in connection with a change of control may be reduced to increase their value to Mr. Sachdev if such payments would be subject to an excise tax under Section 4999 of the Code.

Paul Silva

Mr. Sachdev’s agreements do not provideSilva, our Senior Vice President and Corporate Controller, was our Interim Chief Financial Officer for a so-called Section 4999 excise tax “gross-up.”

Agreements with Other Named Executive Officers

Employment Agreements

The terms and conditionsportion of Dr. Altshuler’s, Mr. Parini’s, and Mr. Graney’s employment are governed by written employment contracts that were entered into at the time the respective officer joined our company. Each of these officer’s employment agreement provides that he is entitled to receive compensation as determined by our board of directors and is eligible to receive the benefits generally made available to our executives. In addition, each officer has agreed not to engage in specified competitive activities for a period of one year after the termination of his employment with us.

Under each employment agreement, (i) if the officer’s employment is terminated without cause or (ii) the officer terminates his employment with us for good reason within 30 days of the event giving rise to his right to terminate for good reason, subject to notice and cure provisions, he would be entitled to receive:

Severance Payment:	The sum of his (i) base salary at the time of termination and (ii) target bonus for the year in which his employment is terminated
Employee Benefits:	Continuation of certain employee benefits for up to 12 months

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Change of Control Agreements

2019. We have a change of control agreement with each of Dr. Altshuler, Mr. Parini, and Mr. Graney that wereSilva, which was entered into at the time the respective officer joined our company. Under this agreement, ifin May 2012. If we terminate theMr. Silva’s employment of the officer without cause on a date within the 90 days prior to or the 12 months after a change of control or any of these individualsMr. Silva terminates his employment within 30 days of an event giving rise to a right to terminate for good reason, subject to notice and cure provisions, and the event occurs on a date within the 90 days prior to or the 12 months after a change of control, he would be entitled to receive:

Severance Payment:	A)	The sum of his (i) base salary at the time of termination and (ii) target bonus for the year in which his employment is terminated
	B)	A pro rata portion of his target bonus for the year in which the termination occurs
Options:	Full vesting of all outstanding options
Restricted Stock:	Full vesting of all outstanding restricted stock awards
Restricted Stock Units:	Vesting in full of all outstanding RSU awards (using target or earned shares, as applicable, for performance-based awards)
Employee Benefits:	Continuation of certain employee benefits for up to 12 months

(i) receive a severance payment equal to a portion of Mr. Silva’s annual base salary and a portion of his corresponding target bonus, in each case, based on Mr. Silva’s number of years of service to our company, and (ii) accelerated vesting of his outstanding options and outstanding RSU awards. Severance payments to the officerMr. Silva in connection with a change of control may be reduced to increase their value to the applicable officerMr. Silva if such payments would be subject to an excise tax under Section 4999 of the Code. The agreements

Former Executive Officer

In January 2019, Mr. Smith’s employment with Dr. Altshuler,us was terminated. Mr. Parini,Smith did not receive a cash bonus or any equity awards in 2019. Upon termination of his employment, Mr. Smith received the minimum amounts that were provided for pursuant to his employment contract: a severance payment for $1.4 million, 18 months of acceleration of his outstanding equity and Mr. Graney do not providecontinuation of employee benefits for a so-called Section 4999 excise tax “gross-up.”up to 12 months.

 

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PAY RATIO

CEO Pay Ratio

The overall structure of our compensation and benefits programs are broadly similar across our organization, including a broad-based equity program pursuant to which all full-time employees receive equity, with differences reflecting the level of responsibility of the employees.

In 2019:

	The ratio of total compensation for Dr. Leiden, our CEO in 2019, to our median employee’s total compensation was 83:1.
	Dr. Leiden’s total compensation equaled $18.8 million.
	The total annual compensation for Vertex’s median employee, other than the CEO, equaled $227,653.

Methodology

In 2019, we changed our methodology used to identify our median employee. Our practice for granting equity awards to employees recently changed from a share-based approach to a value-based approach. Given this change, we changed our methodology to identify our median employee using target total direct compensation. This measure of compensation for the median employee was consistently applied (converting all non-USD currencies into USD based on 12-month FX rates for the 12-month period ending October 1, 2019) and includes:

	Base salary
	Target cash bonus
	Target long-term equity awards

After identifying the median employee, we calculated the median employee’s compensation using the same methodology used to calculate CEO compensation for the Summary Compensation Table.

Our methodology includes all 2,779 Company employees, as of October 1, 2019, and includes employees in 20 countries. Per the SEC rules, we excluded each of the 43 employees acquired through the Company’s acquisition of Exonics Therapeutics, Inc. in 2019.

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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

 

The following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 29, 2018,April 9, 2020, by:

 

	each shareholder known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our common stock on that date;
	each of our directors;
	directors and our director nominee;
	each named executive officer; and
	all directors and executive officers as a group.

 

						Shares Beneficially		Percentage of
Name and Address		Shares Beneficially Owned(1)		Percentage of Total(2)		Owned(1)		Total(2)
T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.(3) 100 E. Pratt Street Baltimore, Maryland 21202		28,338,859		11.1%		24,525,905		9.5%
BlackRock, Inc.(4) 55 East 52nd Street New York, New York 10055		19,409,073		7.6%
The Vanguard Group(5) 100 Vanguard Blvd. Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355		17,934,504		7.0%
FMR LLC(6) 245 Summer Street Boston, Massachusetts 02210		16,923,002		6.6%
FMR LLC(4) 245 Summer Street Boston, Massachusetts 02210						24,282,962		9.4%
BlackRock, Inc.(5) 55 East 52nd Street New York, New York 10055						21,116,821		8.1%
The Vanguard Group(6) 100 Vanguard Blvd. Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355						20,094,234		7.8%
Sangeeta N. Bhatia(7)		16,932		*		17,823		*
Lloyd Carney(7)						2,161		*
Alan Garber(7)		997		*		15,190		*
Terrence C. Kearney(7)		77,184		*		34,335		*
Reshma Kewalramani(7)						17,303		*
Yuchun Lee(7)		98,361		*		99,057		*
Jeffrey M. Leiden(7)		831,162		*		515,950		*
Margaret G. McGlynn(7)		66,492		*		50,130		*
Diana McKenzie						207		*
Bruce I. Sachs(7)		149,697		*		135,565		*
Elaine S. Ullian(7)		88,074		*
William D. Young(7)		85,309		*		44,908		*
David Altshuler(7)		68,928		*
Thomas Graney(7)		2,266		*
Michael Parini(7)		51,216		*
Stuart A. Arbuckle(7)						8,577		*
Amit Sachdev(7)		109,410		*		109,314		*
Ian F. Smith(7)		133,692		*
All directors and executive officers as a group (17 persons)(7)		1,922,471		*
Paul M. Silva(7)						12,804		*
Charles F. Wagner, Jr.(7)						4,403		*
Ian F. Smith						—		*
All directors and executive officers as a group (19 persons)(7)						1,095,348		0.4%

* Less than 1%

*	Less than 1%
(1)	Beneficial ownership of shares for purposes of this proxy statement is determined in accordance with applicable SEC rules and includes shares of common stock as to which a person has or shares voting power and/or investment power, including dispositive power. The persons and entities named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them, except as noted below. Information with respect to persons other than directors, director nomineees and current executive officers is based solely upon the last information provided to us by a former executive officer in 2019 and upon Schedules 13G and amendments thereto filed with the SEC in the first quarter of 2018.2020.
(2)	Percentage ownership is based on 254,879,018259,172,149 shares of our common stock outstanding on March 29, 2018.April 9, 2020.
(3)	Reflects the securities beneficially owned by clients of one or more investment advisers directly or indirectly affiliated with T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. has sole voting power with respect to 9,764,5728,974,013 of the shares.
(4)	Reflects the securities beneficially owned by clients of one or more investment advisers directly or indirectly owned by BlackRock, Inc. BlackRock, Inc. has sole voting power with respect to 17,212,195 of the shares.
(5)	Includes 282,502 shares beneficially owned by Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Company and 199,254 shares held by Vanguard Investments Australia, Ltd., each of which are a wholly-owned subsidiaries of The Vanguard Group, Inc. The Vanguard Group, Inc. has sole voting power with respect to 361,741 of the shares and sole dispositive power with respect to 17,530,294 of the shares.
(6)	Reflects the securities beneficially owned, or that may be deemed to be beneficially owned, by FMR LLC, certain of its subsidiaries and affiliates, and other companies. FMR LLC has sole voting power with respect to 1,925,6803,629,811 of the shares.
(5)	Reflects the securities beneficially owned by clients of one or more investment advisers directly or indirectly owned by BlackRock, Inc. BlackRock, Inc. has sole voting power with respect to 18,512,414 of the shares.
(6)	Includes 306,901 shares beneficially owned by Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Company and 224,931 shares held by Vanguard Investments Australia, Ltd., each of which are wholly-owned subsidiaries of The Vanguard Group, Inc. The Vanguard Group, Inc. has sole voting power with respect to 398,379 of the shares and sole dispositive power with respect to 19,649,326 of the shares.

 

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(7)

Includes shares that may be acquired upon the exercise of options exercisable within 60 days after March 29, 2018,April 9, 2020, unvested shares of restricted stock as of March 29, 2018,April 9, 2020, unvested restricted stock units vesting within 60 days of March 29, 2018April 9, 2020 and deferred stock units as of March 29, 2018April 9, 2020 issued pursuant to our Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan, as follows:

 

		Stock Options		Unvested Shares of
		Exercisable		Restricted Stock		Deferred Stock
		Within 60 Days of		Awards as of		Units as of
		March 29, 2018		March 29, 2018		March 29, 2018
Sangeeta N. Bhatia		15,167		—		—
Alan Garber		997		—		—
Terrence C. Kearney		72,743		—		—
Yuchun Lee		95,702		—		—
Jeffrey M. Leiden		762,889		32,250		—
Margaret G. McGlynn		62,368		—		—
Bruce I. Sachs		132,368		—		6,119
Elaine S. Ullian		79,868		—		—
William D. Young		82,368		—		—
David Altshuler		38,042		—		—
Thomas Graney		652		—		—
Michael Parini		43,927		6,900		—
Amit Sachdev		87,688		8,625		—
Ian F. Smith		100,240		10,350		—
All directors and executive officers as a group (17 persons)		1,659,186		80,538		6,119

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires directors, officers and persons who are beneficial owners of more than 10% of our common stock to file with the SEC reports of their ownership of our securities and of changes in that ownership. To our knowledge, based upon a review of copies of reports filed with the SEC with respect to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 and written representations by our directors and officers that no other reports were required with respect to their transactions, all reports required to be filed under Section 16(a) by our directors and officers and persons who were beneficial owners of more than 10% of our common stock were timely filed.

		Stock Options Exercisable Within 60 Days of April 9, 2020		Unvested Restricted Units Vesting Within 60 Days of April 9, 2020		Deferred Stock Units as of April 9, 2020
Sangeeta N. Bhatia		12,574		2,381		—
Lloyd Carney		—		—		—
Alan Garber		10,549		1,741		—
Terrence C. Kearney		28,524		2,381		—
Reshma Kewalramani		2,074		—		—
Yuchun Lee		95,381		—		1,801
Jeffrey M. Leiden		463,019		—		—
Margaret G. McGlynn		42,256		—		3,989
Bruce I. Sachs		112,256		—		12,099
William D. Young		35,597		2,381		—
Stuart A. Arbuckle		4,339		—		—
Amit Sachdev		89,468		—		—
Paul M. Silva		7,635		—		—
Charles F. Wagner, Jr.		2,383		1,232		—
All directors and executive officers as a group (19 persons)		920,215		10,815		17,889

 

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EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION

As of March 31, 2020, there were 13,690,855 shares remaining available for award under our 2013 Plan. Under our 2013 Plan, all awards may be granted as full value awards but count as 1.66 shares for each full value share awarded.

As of March 31, 2020, under our equity plans:

	Stock options covering 5,519,426 shares of our common stock, with a weighted average exercise price of $137.34 and a weighted average remaining term of 6.98 years, were outstanding; and
	Unvested restricted stock awards or units covering 3,786,322 shares of our common stock were outstanding.

The following table provides aggregate information with respect to all of our equity compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019. We are required under applicable SEC rules to disclose in this table the number of shares remaining available for issuance under our equity plans as of December 31, 2019. Accordingly, the figures in the table below do not reflect the equity grants made to our employees under our 2013 Stock and Option Plan, or 2013 Plan, since December 31, 2019.

Plan Category		Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Restricted Stock Units and Rights		Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options and Rights		Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (excluding securities reflected in first column)
Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Shareholders(1)		10,137,060	(2)	134.92	(3)	17,978,079	(4)
Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Shareholders		—		—		—
TOTAL		10,137,060				17,978,079

(1)	These plans consist of our 2013 Plan, our 2006 Stock and Option Plan (“2006 Plan”) and our Employee Stock Purchase Plan. No further shares of common stock will be issued or distributed under the 2006 Stock and Option Plan.
(2)	Represents the number of underlying shares of common stock associated with outstanding options, restricted stock units, performance stock units, and deferred stock units granted under stockholder approved plans, as of December 31, 2019, and includes 5,620,585 options granted under the 2013 Plan, 3,112,924 restricted stock units granted under the 2013 Plan, 734,020 PSUs (assuming the maximum number of PSUs will be earned) granted under the 2013 Plan, 17,689 deferred stock units attributable to compensation deferred by non-employee directors participating in the Director Plan and distributable in the form of shares of common stock under the 2013 Plan (and which are treated as outstanding “stock rights” under the 2013 Plan), 651,842 options granted under the 2006 Plan. Does not include 92,050 shares of restricted stock outstanding as of December 31, 2019.
(3)	Represents the weighted-average exercise price of options outstanding under the 2013 Plan and 2006 Plan. See note (2) above with respect to restricted stock units, PSUs and deferred stock units (credited under the Director Plan) outstanding under the 2013 Plan. The weighted-average exercise price does not take these awards into account.
(4)	Represents the number of shares available for future issuance under stockholder approved equity compensation plans and is comprised of 15,778,703 shares available for future issuance under the 2013 Plan and 2,199,376 shares available for future issuance under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, including shares to be purchased at the end of the current offering period ending May 15, 2020.

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OTHER INFORMATION

 

Other Matters

 

The 20182020 annual meeting of shareholders is called for the purposes set forth in the notice. Our board of directors does not know of any other matters to be considered by the shareholders at the 20182020 annual meeting other than the matters described in the notice.this proxy statement. However, the enclosed proxy confers discretionary authority on the persons named in the proxy card with respect to matters that may properly come before the annual meeting and that are not known to our board at the date this proxy statement was printed. It is the intention of the persons named in the proxy card to vote in accordance with their best judgment on any such matter.

 

Shareholder Proposals for the 20192021 Annual Meeting and Nominations for Director

 

In order to be considered for inclusion in the proxy statement for our 20192021 annual meeting of shareholders, shareholder proposals must be received by us no later than December 20, 2018.29, 2020. If we do not receive notice of a matter to be considered for presentation at the 20192021 annual meeting of shareholders by March 4, 2019,14, 2021, our proxy holders will have the right to exercise discretionary voting authority with respect to the proposal without including information regarding the proposal in our proxy materials. Proposals should be sent to the attention of our corporate secretary at our offices at 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210.

 

If a shareholder wishes to nominate a candidate for election to our board of directors at the 20192021 annual meeting of shareholders, but is not eligible or does not elect to have such candidate included in the proxy statement for our 20192021 annual meeting of shareholders, such nomination may be submitted to our corporate secretary no later than February 16, 2019,March 5, 2021, and must include:

 

	the name and address of the shareholder who intends to make the nomination and of the person or persons to be nominated;
	a representation that the shareholder is a holder of record of our stock entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or persons specified in the notice;
	a description of all arrangements or understandings between the shareholder and each nominee and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made by the shareholder;
	the other information regarding each nominee proposed by the shareholder that would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the proxy rules of the SEC; and
	the consent of each nominee to serve on our board of directors if so elected.

 

If a shareholder wishes to nominate a candidate for election to our board at the 20192021 annual meeting of shareholders, and is eligible and elects to have such candidate included in the proxy statement for our 20192021 annual meeting of shareholders pursuant to our proxy access by-law, such nomination must be submitted to our corporate secretary no later than February 16, 2019March 5, 2021 and must include, in addition to the information set forth for above for other shareholder nominees, the information set forth in Section 8(e) of Article II of our by-laws.

 

Shareholder Communications to the Board

 

Generally, shareholders who have questions or concerns should contact our investor relations department at (617) 341-6100. However, any shareholder who wishes to address questions regarding our business directly with our board of directors, or any individual director, should direct his or her questions, in writing, in care of our corporate secretary, to our offices at 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210. Under procedures approved by our board, including a majority of our independent directors, all substantive communications shall be reviewed by our corporate secretary and forwarded or reported to the chair of the corporate governance and nominating committee,CGNC, the independent directors and/or our full board, as deemed appropriate, with the exception of those communications relating to ordinary or routine business affairs, personal grievances or matters as to which we tend to receive repetitive or duplicative communications.

 

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Householding of Annual Meeting Materials

 

Some banks, brokers and other nominee record holders may be participating in the practice of “householding” proxy statements and annual reports.materials. This means that only one copy of our Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials or proxy statement and annual reportAnnual Report may have been sent to multiple shareholders in your household. We will promptly deliver a separate copy of these documents to you if you write or call our corporate secretary at the following address or phone number: 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, telephone (617) 341-6100. If you want to receive separate copies of the annual report and proxy statementmaterials in the future, or if you are receiving multiple copies and would like to receive only one copy for your household, you should contact your bank, broker, or other nominee record holder, or you may contact us at the above address and phone number.

 

Solicitation

 

We will bear the cost of soliciting proxies, including expenses in connection with preparing and mailing this proxy statement.statement and hosting the virtual annual meeting. We have retained MacKenzie Partners, Inc.Morrow Sodali to assist in the solicitation of proxies at an estimated cost of approximately $20,000. Proxies also may be solicited by our directors and employees by mail, by telephone, in person or otherwise. Employees will not receive additional compensation for solicitation efforts. In addition, we will request banks, brokers and other custodians, nominees and fiduciaries to forward proxy material to the beneficial owners of common stock and to obtain voting instructions from the beneficial owners. We will reimburse those firms for their reasonable expenses in forwarding proxy materials and obtaining voting instructions.

 

Availability of Materials

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 has been filed with the SEC and provides additional information about us. It is available on the internet at www.vrtx.com and is available in paper form (other than exhibits thereto) to beneficial owners of our common stock without charge upon written request to Investor Relations, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210. In addition, it is available to holders of record of our common stock at www.envisionreports.com/vrtx and to beneficial holders of our common stock at www.edocumentview.com/vrtx.

Forward Looking Statements

 

This proxy statement contains forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including, without limitation, statements regarding our medicines, statements with respect to potential regulatory approval of our drug candidates and expected clinical development plans and timing, as well as statements with respect to Vertex’s potential future financial performance. While we believe the forward-looking statements contained in this proxy statement are accurate, these forward-looking statements represent our beliefs only as of the date of this proxy statement and there are a number of factors that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, including risks listed under Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20172019 and available through the company’s website at www.vrtx.com. We disclaim any obligation to update the information contained in this proxy statement as new information becomes available.

 

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS REGARDING THE ANNUAL MEETING

What is the Purpose of the Annual Meeting?

At the annual meeting, shareholders will act upon the matters outlined in the Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders. These include:

	The election of directors;
	The ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm;
	An advisory vote on our 2019 named executive officer compensation; and
	A shareholder proposal requesting that we prepare a report on our policies and activities with respect to lobbying, if properly presented at the meeting.

Management, members of our board and representatives of Ernst & Young LLP are expected to attend the annual meeting and be available to respond to questions from shareholders.

What is a Proxy?

It is your legal designation of another person to vote the stock you own in the manner you direct. That other person is called a proxy. If you designate someone as your proxy in a written document, that document also is called a proxy or a proxy card. The board of directors has designated Jeffrey M. Leiden, Reshma Kewalramani, Michael Parini and Sabrina Yohai to serve as proxies at the annual meeting.

What is a Proxy Statement?

It is a document that provides certain information about a company and matters to be voted upon at a meeting of shareholders. The rules of the SEC and other applicable laws require us to give you, as a shareholder, the information in this proxy statement and our Annual Report when we are soliciting your vote.

Why did I receive a “Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials” but no proxy materials?

We are distributing our proxy materials to shareholders via the Internet under the “Notice and Access” approach permitted by rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. This approach provides a timely and convenient method of accessing the materials and voting. On or about April 28, 2020, we will begin mailing a “Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials” to shareholders. This notice includes instructions on how to access our notice of annual meeting of shareholders, this proxy statement and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and how to vote your shares. The Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials also contains instructions on how to receive a paper copy of the proxy materials and our Annual Report, if you prefer.

What is the Difference between a Shareholder of Record and a Shareholder Who Holds Stock in Street Name?

Shareholders of Record. If your shares are registered in your name with our transfer agent, Computershare, you are a shareholder of record with respect to those shares, and the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials was sent directly to you by Computershare.

Street Name Holders. If you hold your shares in an account at a bank or broker, then you are the beneficial owner of shares held in “street name.” The Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials was forwarded to you by your bank or broker. As a beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your bank or broker how to vote the shares held in your account.

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How May I Attend the Annual Meeting?

In light of the public health and travel safety concerns related to the ongoing spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19), we have decided to hold a virtual meeting. The virtual meeting will facilitate shareholder attendance and participation by enabling shareholders to participate from any location and at no cost. Visit www.meetingcenter.io/207970612 to attend the meeting. The password for the meeting is VRTX2020.

To attend the virtual meeting, shareholders of record will not need to register in advance but will need the control number included on their Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials or proxy card. Shareholders whose shares are held in street name may attend the annual meeting by registering and obtaining a control number in advance using the instructions below under the heading “How do I Register to Attend the Virtual Annual Meeting on the Internet”. The control number will be required to attend the virtual annual meeting. The meeting webcast will begin promptly at 9:30 a.m. (Eastern Time). We encourage you to access the meeting prior to the start time. You should allow for ample time for the check-in procedures.

To enable a virtual annual meeting, our board amended our by-laws on April 28, 2020 to permit the holding of a virtual annual meeting on an online platform.

How do I Register to Attend the Virtual Annual Meeting on the Internet?

If you are a shareholder of record (i.e., you hold your shares through our transfer agent, Computershare), you do not need to register in advance to attend the virtual annual meeting on the Internet. Please follow the instructions on the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials or the proxy card that you received.

If you hold your shares through an intermediary, such as a bank or broker, you must register and obtain a control number in advance to attend the virtual annual meeting on the Internet. To register to attend the virtual annual meeting you will need to obtain a legal proxy from your bank, broker or other nominee. Once you have received a legal proxy from them, you must forward the email from your broker and attach an image of your legal proxy to legalproxy@computershare.com reflecting your ownership of Vertex common stock along with your name and email address. Requests for registration must be labeled as “Legal Proxy” and be received no later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on May 29, 2020. After Computershare receives your registration materials, you will receive a confirmation email from Computershare of your registration and control number.

How Many Shares Must be Represented in Order to Hold the Annual Meeting?

In order for us to conduct the annual meeting, holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote as of the close of business on the record date must be present in person or by proxy. This constitutes a quorum. Shares present virtually during the annual meeting will be considered shares of common stock represented in person at the meeting. If you are a shareholder of record, your shares are counted as present if you properly vote by Internet, telephone, return a proxy card by mail or if you attend the annual meeting online and vote during the meeting. If you are the beneficial owner of shares held in “street name,” you must follow the instructions of your bank or broker in order to direct them how to vote the shares held in your account or obtain a legal proxy to vote online at the annual meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes will be counted as present for purposes of establishing a quorum. If a quorum is not present, we will adjourn the annual meeting until a quorum is obtained.

How Can I Vote My Shares?

If you are a shareholder whose shares are registered in your name, you may vote your shares by one of the following methods:

1.	Vote by Internet by going to the web address www.envisionreports.com/VRTX before the annual meeting and following the instructions for Internet voting on the Notice of Internet Availability or proxy card. Have the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, which contains your control number, available when voting by Internet.
2.	Vote by proxy card, if you have received written proxy materials, by completing, signing, dating, and mailing your proxy card in the envelope provided.If you vote by Internet, please do not mail your proxy card.
3.	Vote by telephone by following the instructions on the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials or proxy card.
4.	By attending the annual meeting online.During the annual meeting, you may vote online by following the instructions at www.meetingcenter.io/207970612. Have the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, which contains your control number, available when you access the virtual meeting webpage.

If you are a street name holder, your broker or other nominee will provide you with a form seeking instruction on how your shares should be voted.

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What is the Record Date and What Does it Mean?

The record date for the annual meeting is April 9, 2020 and was established by our board of directors. On the record date, there were 259,172,149 shares of our common stock outstanding, each of which is entitled to one vote on each matter properly brought before the annual meeting. Owners of record of common stock at the close of business on the record date are entitled to:

	receive notice of the annual meeting; and
	vote at the annual meeting and any adjournment or postponement of the annual meeting.

If I Submit a Proxy, May I Later Revoke it and/or Change my Vote?

Shareholders may revoke a proxy and/or change their vote prior to the completion of voting at the annual meeting by:

	subsequently submitting a vote by Internet at www.envisionreports. com/VRTX or by telephone by following the directions on the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, voting instruction form or your proxy card;
	signing another proxy card with a later date and delivering it to our corporate secretary at 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, before the annual meeting; or
	voting at the annual meeting online, if you are a shareholder of record or hold your shares in street name and have obtained a legal proxy from your bank or broker.

What if I do not Specify a Choice for a Matter when Returning a Proxy?

Shareholders should specify their choice for each matter following the directions described on their Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials. If no specific instructions are given, proxies that are signed and returned will be voted:

	FOR the election of all director nominees;
	FOR ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2020;
	FOR our 2019 named executive officer compensation; and
	AGAINST the shareholder proposal requesting that we prepare a report on our policies and activities with respect to lobbying.

Are My Shares Voted if I do not Provide a Proxy?

If you are a shareholder of record and do not provide a proxy, you must attend the annual meeting in order to vote. If you hold shares through an account with a bank or broker, your shares may be voted by the bank or broker if you do not provide voting instructions. Banks and brokers have the authority under applicable rules to vote shares on routine matters for which their customers do not provide voting instructions. The ratification of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm is considered a routine matter. Each of the other proposals, including the election of directors, the advisory vote with respect to our executive compensation program and the shareholder proposal is not considered routine, and banks and brokers cannot vote shares without instruction on those matters. Shares that banks and brokers are not authorized to vote on those matters are counted as “broker non-votes” and will have no effect on the results of those votes.

What Vote is Required to Approve Each Proposal and How are Votes Counted?

Proposal No. 1: Election of Directors

To be elected, the number of votes cast “FOR” each director nominee must exceed the number of votes cast “AGAINST” that nominee. Abstentions will have no effect on the results of this vote. Our Corporate Governance Principles contain procedures to be followed in the event that one or more directors do not receive a majority of the votes cast “FOR” his or her election.

Proposal No. 2: Ratification of the Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To be approved, this proposal must receive an affirmative vote from shareholders present in person or represented by proxy at the annual meeting representing a majority of the votes cast on the proposal. Abstentions will have no effect on the results of this vote.

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Proposal No. 3: Advisory Vote to Approve Named Executive Officer Compensation

To be approved, this proposal must receive an affirmative vote from shareholders present in person or represented by proxy at the annual meeting representing a majority of the votes cast on the proposal. Abstentions will have no effect on the results of this vote.

Proposal No. 4: Shareholder Proposal Requesting that We Prepare a Report on our Policies and Activities With Respect to Lobbying

To be approved, this proposal must receive an affirmative vote from shareholders present in person or represented by proxy at the annual meeting representing a majority of the votes cast on the proposal. Abstentions will have no effect on the results of this vote.

Where Can I Find More Information About My Voting Rights as a Shareholder?

The SEC has an informational website that provides shareholders with general information about how to cast their vote and why voting should be an important consideration for shareholders. You may access that website at sec.gov/spotlight/proxymatters.shtml.

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AppendixAPPENDIX A

Amendment to Restated Articles of Organization

ARTICLE 6

A.Amendment of By-Laws

To the extent and the manner provided in the By-Laws, the Board of Directors may make, amend, or repeal the By-Laws in whole or in part, except with respect to any provision thereof which by law or by the By-Laws requires action by the stockholders.

B.Meetings ofStockholders

To the extent and in the manner provided in the By-Laws, meetings of the stockholders may be held anywhere within the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or elsewhere in the United States.

C.PartnershipAgreements

The Corporation may enter into partnership agreements (general or limited) and joint ventures with any person, firm, association, or corporation engaged in carrying on any business in which the Corporation is authorized to engage, or in connection with carrying out all or any of the purposes of the Corporation.

D.Liability ofDirectors

No director of the Corporation shall be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director; provided, however, that this provision shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director to the extent provided by applicable law (i) for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of laws, (iii) under Section 61 or 62 of the Business Corporation Law, Chapter 156B, of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, or (iv) for any transactions from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. No amendment to or repeal of this provision shall apply to or have any effect on the liability or alleged liability of any director of the Corporation for or with respect to any acts or omissions of such director occurring prior to such amendment or repeal.

E.Board of Directors

1.	Number, Election and Terms. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors who shall serve for such term and have such voting powers as shall be provided in Article 4 of these Articles, the Board of Directors shall consist of such number of persons as shall be provided in the Corporation’s By-Laws. The Board of Directors currently is classified with respect to the time for which its members severally hold office by division into three classes, as nearly equal in number as possible. Each director shall hold office until the annual meeting for the year in which such director’s term expires and until such director’s successor shall be elected and qualified, subject to prior death, resignation, retirement or removal. At the 2017 annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, the successors to the directors whose terms expire at that meeting shall be elected to hold office for terms expiring at the 2020 annual meeting of stockholders; at the 2018 annual meeting of stockholders, the successors to the directors whose terms expire at that meeting shall be elected for terms expiring at the 2019 annual meeting of stockholders; and at the 2019 annual meeting of shareholders, the successors to the directors whose terms expire at that meeting shall be elected for terms expiring at the 2020 annual meeting of stockholders. Thereafter all directors shall be elected for terms expiring at the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors shall be elected and qualified, subject to prior death, resignation, retirement or removal. No director need be a stockholder.
2.	Nomination. Advance notice of nominations for the election of directors, other than by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof, shall be given within the time and in the manner provided in the By-Laws.

3.

Newly Created Directorships and Vacancies. Newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors and any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal, or other cause shall be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Director. Each director chosen to fill a newly created directorship resulting from an increase in the number of directors shall be elected for a term expiring at the next annual meeting of stockholders and until such director’s successor shall have been elected and qualified. Each director chosen to fill a vacancy on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal, or other cause shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of office of the director who is being succeeded and until such director’s successor shall have been elected and qualified. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.

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4.	Removal of Directors. Any director may be removed from office by stockholder vote at any time, but only for cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. Any director may also be removed from office for cause by vote of a majority of the directors then in office.
5.	Directors Elected by Holders of Preferred Stock. Whenever the holders of any class or series of Preferred Stock or of any other class or series of shares issued by the Corporation shall have the right, voting separately as a class or series, to elect one or more directors under specified circumstances, the election, term of office, filling of vacancies, and other features of such directorships shall be governed by the terms of these Articles applicable to such class or series, and none of the provisions of this Part E shall apply with respect to directors so elected.
6.	Amendment, Repeal, etc. Notwithstanding any other provision of these Articles to the contrary, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 80% of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required to alter, amend, adopt any provision inconsistent with, or repeal this Part E or any provision thereof.

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Appendix B

Amended and Restated By-Laws of Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated

ARTICLE I

Stockholders

Section 1.Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the stockholders shall be held on the second Monday of May in each year, or on such other date within six months after the end of the fiscal year of the Corporation as the Board of Directors shall fix, at such time as shall be fixed by the Board of Directors in the call of the meeting. Purposes for which an annual meeting is to be held, in addition to those prescribed by law, by the Articles of Organization, or by these By-Laws, may be specified by the Board of Directors in the notice of the meeting.

Section 2.Special Meeting in Lieu of Annual Meeting. If no annual meeting has been held in accordance with the foregoing provisions, a special meeting of the stockholders may be held in lieu thereof. Any action taken at such special meeting shall have the same force and effect as if taken at the annual meeting, and in such case all references in these By-Laws to the annual meeting of the stockholders shall be deemed to refer to such special meeting. Any such special meeting shall be called as provided in Section 3 of this Article 1.

Section 3.Special Meetings. A special meeting of the stockholders may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board, the President, or by the Board of Directors. A special meeting of the stockholders shall also be called by the Clerk (or, in the case of the death, absence, incapacity, or refusal of the Clerk, by any other officer) upon written application of one or more stockholders who hold at least forty percent in interest of the capital stock entitled to vote at the meeting. Each call of a meeting shall state the place, date, hour, and purposes of the meeting.

Section 4.Place of the Meetings. All meetings of the stockholders shall be held at such place, either within or without The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, within the United States as shall be fixed by the Board of Directors in the notice of the meeting. Any adjourned session of any meeting of the stockholders shall be held within the United States at the place designated in the vote of adjournment.

Section 5.Notice of Meeting. A written notice of each meeting of stockholders, stating the place, date, hour and purposes of the meeting, shall be given at least seven days before the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat and to each stockholder who, by law, by the Articles of Organization, or by these By-Laws, is entitled to notice. Such notice shall be given by the Clerk or an Assistant Clerk or by an officer designated by the Board of Directors. Whenever notice of a meeting is required to be given to a stockholder under any provision of the Business Corporation Law of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or of the Articles of Organization or these By-Laws, a written waiver thereof, executed before or after the meeting by such stockholder or his attorney thereunto authorized and filed with the records of the meeting, shall be deemed equivalent to such notice.

Section 6.Quorum of Stockholders. At any meeting of the stockholders, a quorum shall consist of a majority in interest of all stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the meeting, except when a larger quorum is required by law, by the Articles of Organization, or by these By-Laws. Stock owned directly or indirectly by the Corporation, if any, shall not be deemed outstanding for this purpose.

Section 7.Adjournment of Meetings. Any meeting of the stockholders may be adjourned (a) prior to the time the meeting has been convened, by the Board of Directors, or (b) after the meeting has been convened, by a majority of the votes properly cast upon the question, whether or not a quorum is present at the meeting, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice.

Section 8.Action by Vote. When a quorum is present at any meeting, (a) upon any question other than an election of a director, a majority of the votes properly cast shall decide the question, except when a larger vote is required by law, by the Articles of Organization, or by these By-Laws, (b) in an uncontested election, votes properly cast in favor of election of a director exceeding the votes properly withheld in such election shall effect the election of a director, and (c) in a contested election, a plurality of the votes properly cast for election shall effect the election of a director. An election of directors shall be considered contested if, as of the record date for the applicable meeting, there are more nominees for election than positions on the board of directors to be filled by election at the meeting. All other elections of directors shall be considered uncontested.

Section 9.Voting. Stockholders entitled to vote shall have one vote for each share of stock held by them of record according to the records of the Corporation, unless otherwise provided by the Articles of Organization. No ballot shall be required for any vote for election to any office unless requested by a stockholder present or represented at the meeting and entitled to vote in such election. The Corporation shall not, directly or indirectly, vote any share of its own stock.

Section 10.Proxies. To the extent permitted by law, stockholders entitled to vote may vote either in person or by written proxy. Unless otherwise specified or limited by their terms, such proxies shall entitle the holders thereof to vote at any adjournment of such meeting but shall not be valid after the final adjournment of such meeting.

Section 11.Action by Consent. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the stockholders may be taken without a meeting, but only if all stockholders entitled to vote on the matter consent to the action in writing and the written consents are filed with the records of meetings of stockholders. Such consents shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting.

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ARTICLE II

Board of Directors

Section 1.Number and Elections. Subject to the rights of the holders of Preferred Stock to elect one or more additional directors under specified circumstances as provided in Article 4 of the Articles of Organization, the Board of Directors shall consist of not less than three nor more than eleven persons, the exact number to be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority vote of the directors then in office. The directors shall be elected in the manner provided in the Articles of Organization, by such stockholders as have the right to vote thereon.

Section 2.Nominations. Nominations for the election of directors may be made by the Board of Directors or a committee appointed by the Board of Directors or by any stockholder entitled to vote in the election of directors generally. However, any stockholder entitled to vote in the election of directors generally may nominate one of more persons for election as directors at a meeting only if written notice of such stockholder’s intent to make such nomination or nominations has been given, either by personal delivery or by mailing it, postage prepaid, to the Clerk of the Corporation not later than (a) with respect to an election to be held at an annual meeting of stockholders, ninety (90) days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting, and (b) with respect to an election to be held at a special meeting of stockholders for the election of directors, the close of business on the tenth day following the date on which notice of such meeting is first given to stockholders. Each such notice shall set forth (i) the name and address of the stockholder who intends to make the nomination and of the person or persons to be nominated; (ii) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or persons specified in the notice; (iii) a description of all arrangements or understandings between the stockholder and each nominee and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made by the stockholder; (iv) such other information regarding each nominee proposed by such stockholder as would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the proxy rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission; and (v) the consent of each nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation if so elected. The presiding officer of the meeting may refuse to acknowledge the nomination of any person not made in compliance with the foregoing procedure.

Section 3.Newly Created Directorships and Vacancies. Newly created directorships and vacancies on the Board of Directors shall be filled as provided in the Articles of Organization.

Section 4.Removal of Directors. Directors may be removed from office only as provided in the Articles of Organization.

Section 5.Directors Elected by Holders of Preferred Stock. Whenever the holders of any class or series or Preferred Stock or of any other class or series of shares issued by the Corporation shall have the right, voting separately as a class or series, to elect one or more directors under specified circumstances, the election, term of office, filling of vacancies, and other features of such directorships shall be governed by the terms of the Articles of Organization applicable thereto, and none of the provisions of Sections 1 to 4 of this Article II shall apply with respect to directors so elected.

Section 6.Resignations. Any director, member of a committee, or officer may resign at any time by delivering his resignation in writing to the Chairman of the Board, the President, the Clerk, or to a meeting of the Board of Directors. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless specified to be effective at some other time.

Section 7.Powers. Except as reserved to the stockholders by law, by the Articles of Organization, or by these By-Laws, the business of the Corporation shall be managed by the Board of Directors who shall have and may exercise all the powers of the Corporation.

Section 8.Proxy Access for Director Nominations.

(a)

Information to be Included in the Corporation’s Proxy Materials. Whenever the Board of Directors solicits proxies with respect to the election of directors at an annual meeting of stockholders (following the 2016 annual meeting of stockholders), subject to the provisions of this Section 8, the Corporation shall include in its proxy statement for such annual meeting, in addition to any persons nominated for election by the Board of Directors or a committee appointed by the Board of Directors, the name, together with the Required Information (as defined below), of any person to be nominated for election to the Board of Directors by a stockholder pursuant to Section 2 of this Article II (a “Stockholder Nominee”) if (i) the stockholder of record who intends to make the nomination qualifies as, or is acting on behalf of, an Eligible Stockholder (as defined in Section 8(c) of this Article II), (ii) the Eligible Stockholder expressly elects, in a written statement accompanying the notice required by Section 2 of this Article II (a “Nomination Notice”), to have its Stockholder Nominee included in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to this Section 8 and (iii) all of the other requirements set forth in this Section 8 and in Section 2 of this Article II are satisfied. For purposes of this Section 8, the “Required Information” that the Corporation will include in its proxy statement is (A) the information provided to the Clerk of the Corporation concerning the Stockholder Nominee and the Eligible Stockholder that is required to be disclosed in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Section 14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and (B) if the Eligible Stockholder so elects, a Supporting Statement (as defined in Section 8(g) of this Article II). For the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this Section 8 shall limit the Corporation’s ability to solicit against any Stockholder Nominee or include in its proxy materials the Corporation’s own statements or other information relating to any Eligible Stockholder or Stockholder Nominee, including any information provided to the Corporation pursuant to this Section 8. Subject to the provisions of this Section 8, the name of any Stockholder Nominee included in the Corporation’s proxy statement for an annual meeting of stockholders shall also be set forth on the form of proxy distributed by the Corporation in connection with such annual meeting.

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(b)

Permitted Number of Stockholder Nominees. The maximum number of Stockholder Nominees that will be included in the Corporation’s proxy materials with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders shall not exceed the greater of (i) two or (ii) 20% of the number of directors in office as of the last day on which a Nomination Notice may be delivered pursuant to Section 2 of this Article II (the “Final Proxy Access Date”) or, if such amount is not a whole number, the closest whole number below 20% (such greater number, as it may be adjusted pursuant to this Section 8(b)), the “Permitted Number”). In the event that one or more vacancies for any reason occurs on the Board of Directors after the Final Proxy Access Date but before the date of the annual meeting and the Board of Directors resolves to reduce the size of the Board of Directors in connection therewith, the Permitted Number shall be calculated based on the number of directors in office as so reduced. In addition, the Permitted Number shall be reduced by (i) the number of individuals who will be included in the Corporation’s proxy materials as nominees recommended by the Board of Directors pursuant to an agreement, arrangement or other understanding with a stockholder or group of stockholders (other than any such agreement, arrangement or understanding entered into in connection with an acquisition of stock from the Corporation by such stockholder or group of stockholders), together with the number of directors in office as of the Final Proxy Access Date who were either elected by the Board of Directors to fill a vacancy pursuant to such an agreement, arrangement or other understanding, or included in the Corporation’s proxy materials as nominees recommended by the Board of Directors pursuant to such an agreement, arrangement or other understanding for any of the two preceding annual meetings of stockholders, and whose remaining terms extend beyond the upcoming annual meeting, and (ii) the number of directors in office as of the Final Proxy Access Date who were included in the Corporation’s proxy materials as Stockholder Nominees for any of the two preceding annual meetings of stockholders (including any persons counted as Stockholder Nominees pursuant to the immediately succeeding sentence) and whose remaining terms extend beyond the upcoming annual meeting. For purposes of determining when the Permitted Number has been reached, any individual requested by an Eligible Stockholder to be included in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to this Section 8 whose nomination is subsequently withdrawn or whom the Board of Directors decides to nominate for election to the Board of Directors shall be counted as one of the Stockholder Nominees. Any Eligible Stockholder requesting that more than one Stockholder Nominee be included in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to this Section 8 shall rank such Stockholder Nominees based on the order in which the Eligible Stockholder desires such Stockholder Nominees to be selected for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy materials in the event that the total number of Stockholder Nominees requested by Eligible Stockholders to be included in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to this Section 8 exceeds the Permitted Number. In the event that the number of Stockholder Nominees requested by Eligible Stockholders to be included in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to this Section 8 exceeds the Permitted Number, the highest ranking Stockholder Nominee who meets the requirements of this Section 8 from each Eligible Stockholder will be selected for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy materials until the Permitted Number is reached, going in order of the amount (largest to smallest) of shares of stock of the Corporation each Eligible Stockholder disclosed as owned in its Nomination Notice. If the Permitted Number is not reached after the highest ranking Stockholder Nominee who meets the requirements of this Section 8 from each Eligible Stockholder has been selected, then the next highest ranking Stockholder Nominee who meets the requirements of this Section 8 from each Eligible Stockholder will be selected for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy materials, and this process will continue as many times as necessary, following the same order each time, until the Permitted Number is reached. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section 8, the Corporation shall not be required to include any Stockholder Nominees in its proxy materials pursuant to this Section 8 for any meeting of stockholders for which the Corporation receives a Nomination Notice (whether or not subsequently withdrawn) and the stockholder by whom or on whose behalf the nomination is to be made does not expressly elect, in a written statement accompanying the Nomination Notice, to have its Stockholder Nominee included in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to this Section 8.

(c)	Eligible Stockholder. An “Eligible Stockholder” is a stockholder or a group of no more than 20 stockholders (counting as one stockholder, for this purpose, any two or more funds that are part of the same Qualifying Fund Group (as defined below)) that (i) has Owned (as defined in Section 8(d) of this Article II) continuously for at least three years (the “Minimum Holding Period”) a number of shares of stock of the Corporation that represents at least three percent of the voting power of the outstanding shares of stock as of the date the Nomination Notice is delivered to or mailed and received by the Clerk of the Corporation in accordance with Section 2 of this Article II (the “Required Shares”) and (ii) continues to Own the Required Shares through the date of the annual meeting. A “Qualifying Fund Group” is any two or more funds that are (A) under common management and investment control, (B) under common management and funded primarily by the same employer or (C) a “group of investment companies” as such term is defined in Section 12(d)(1)(G)(ii) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. Whenever the Eligible Stockholder consists of a group of stockholders (including a group of funds that are part of the same Qualifying Fund Group), (1) each provision in this Section 8 that requires the Eligible Stockholder to provide any written statements, representations, undertakings, agreements or other instruments or to meet any other conditions shall be deemed to require each stockholder (including each individual fund within a Qualifying Fund Group) that is a member of such group to provide such statements, representations, undertakings, agreements or other instruments and to meet such other conditions (except that the members of such group may aggregate the shares that each member has Owned continuously for the Minimum Holding Period in order to meet the three percent Ownership requirement of the “Required Shares” definition) and (2) a breach of any obligation, agreement or representation under this Section 8 by any member of such group shall be deemed a breach by the Eligible Stockholder. No person may be a member of more than one group of stockholders constituting an Eligible Stockholder with respect to any annual meeting.
(d)	Definition of Ownership. For purposes of this Section 8, a stockholder shall be deemed to “Own” only those outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation as to which the stockholder possesses both (i) the full voting and investment rights pertaining to the shares and (ii) the full economic interest in (including the opportunity for profit from and risk of loss on) such shares; provided that the number of shares calculated in accordance with clauses (i) and (ii) shall not include any shares (A) sold by such stockholder or any of its affiliates in any transaction that has not been settled or closed, (B) borrowed by such stockholder or any of its affiliates for any purposes or purchased by such stockholder or any of its affiliates pursuant to an agreement to resell, or (C) subject to any option, warrant, forward contract, swap, contract of sale, or other derivative or similar instrument or agreement entered into by such stockholder or any of its affiliates, whether any such instrument or agreement

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is to be settled with shares or with cash based on the notional amount or value of shares of outstanding capital stock of the Corporation, in any such case which instrument or agreement has, or is intended to have, the purpose or effect of (1) reducing in any manner, to any extent or at any time in the future, such stockholder’s or its affiliates’ full right to vote or direct the voting of any such shares or (2) hedging, offsetting or altering to any degree any gain or loss realized or realizable from maintaining the full economic ownership of such shares by such stockholder or affiliate. For purposes of this Section 8, a beneficial owner shall be considered a “stockholder” and shall “Own” shares held in the name of a nominee or other intermediary so long as such person retains the right to instruct how the shares are voted with respect to the election of directors and possesses the full economic interest in the shares. A stockholder’s Ownership of shares shall be deemed to continue during any period in which (i) the stockholder has loaned such shares, provided that the stockholder has the power to recall such loaned shares on five business days’ notice and includes with its Nomination Notice an agreement that it (A) will promptly recall such loaned shares upon being notified that any of its Stockholder Nominees will be included in the Corporation’s proxy materials and (B) will continue to hold such shares through the date of the annual meeting, or (ii) the stockholder has delegated any voting power by means of a proxy, power of attorney or other instrument or arrangement that is revocable at any time by the stockholder. The terms “Owned,” “Owning” and other variations of the word “Own” shall have correlative meanings. Whether outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation are “Owned” for these purposes shall be determined by the Board of Directors. For purposes of this Section 8, the term “affiliate” or “affiliates” shall have the meaning ascribed thereto under the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act.

(e)	Information to be Included with a Nomination Notice. In addition to containing the information, representations and other documents required to be set forth in a Nomination Notice pursuant to Section 2 of this Article II, in order for a Stockholder Nominee to be eligible for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to this Section 8, the Nomination Notice must also set forth or be accompanied by the following:
	(i)	A written statement by the Eligible Stockholder setting forth and certifying as to the number of shares of stock it Owns and has Owned continuously for the Minimum Holding Period;
	(ii)	one or more written statements from the record holder of the Required Shares (and from each intermediary through which the Required Shares are or have been held during the Minimum Holding Period) verifying that, as of a date within seven calendar days prior to the date the Nomination Notice is delivered to or mailed and received by the Clerk of the Corporation in accordance with Section 2 of this Article II, the Eligible Stockholder Owns, and has Owned continuously for the Minimum Holding Period, the Required Shares, and the Eligible Stockholder’s agreement to provide, within five business days following the later of the record date for the determination of stockholders certified to vote at the annual meeting and the date notice of the record date is first publicly disclosed, one or more written statements from the record holder and such intermediaries verifying the Eligible Stockholder’s continuous Ownership of the Required Shares through the record date;
	(iii)	a copy of the Schedule 14N that has been or is concurrently being filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as required by Rule 14a-18 under the Exchange Act;
	(iv)	a representation and agreement that the Eligible Stockholder (A) will continue to hold the Required Shares through the date of the annual meeting, (B) acquired the Required Shares in the ordinary course of business and not with the intent to change or influence control of the Corporation, and does not presently have such intent, (C) has not nominated and will not nominate for election to the Board of Directors at the annual meeting any person whom it has not requested be included in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to this Section 8, (D) has not engaged and will not engage in, and has not and will not be a “participant” in another person’s, “solicitation” within the meaning of Rule 14a-1(l) under the Exchange Act in support of the election of any individual as a director at the annual meeting other than its Stockholder Nominee(s) or a nominee of the Board of Directors, (E) has not distributed and will not distribute to any stockholder of the Corporation any form of proxy for the annual meeting other than the form distributed by the Corporation, (F) has complied and will comply with all laws and regulations applicable to solicitations and the use, if any, of soliciting material in connection with the annual meeting and (G) has provided and will provide facts, statements and other information in all communications with the Corporation and its stockholders that are or will be true and correct in all material respects and do not and will not omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;
	(v)	an undertaking that the Eligible Stockholder agrees to (A) assume all liability stemming from any legal or regulatory violation arising out of the Eligible Stockholder’s communications with the stockholders of the Corporation or out of the information provided to the Corporation by or on behalf of the Eligible Stockholder, (B) indemnify and hold harmless the Corporation and each of its directors, officers and employees individually against any liability, loss or damages in connection with any threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding, whether legal, administrative or investigative, against the Corporation or any of its directors, officers or employees arising out of any nomination of any person for election to the Board of Directors submitted by or on behalf of the Eligible Stockholder or any solicitation or other activity in connection therewith, and (C) file with the Securities and Exchange Commission any solicitation or other communication with the stockholders of the Corporation relating to the meeting at which its Stockholder Nominee(s) will be nominated, regardless of whether any such filing is required under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act or whether any exemption from filing is available for such solicitation or other communication under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act;
	(vi)	a written representation and agreement from each Stockholder Nominee that such Stockholder Nominee (A) is not and will not become a party to (1) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such Stockholder Nominee, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”) that has not been disclosed to the Corporation in such representation and agreement or (2) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such person’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such person’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (B) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or

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		entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with such person’s nomination or service or action as a director that has not been disclosed to the Corporation in such representation and agreement, (C) would be in compliance, if elected as a director of the Corporation, and will comply with the Corporation’s code of business conduct and ethics, corporate governance guidelines, stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines and any other policies or guidelines of the Corporation applicable to directors and (D) will make such other acknowledgments, enter into such agreements and provide such information as the Board of Directors requires of all directors, including promptly submitting all completed and signed questionnaires required of the Corporation’s directors;
	(vii)	if the Eligible Stockholder consists of a group of stockholders, the designation by all group members of one member of the group that is authorized to receive communications, notices and inquiries from the Corporation and to act on behalf of all members of the group with respect to all matters relating to the request under this Section 8 (including withdrawal of the nomination); and
	(viii)	if two or more funds that are part of the same Qualifying Fund Group are intended to be counted as one stockholder for purposes of qualifying as an Eligible Stockholder, documentation reasonably satisfactory to the Corporation that demonstrates that the funds are part of the same Qualifying Fund Group.

(f)	Additional Required Information. In addition to the information required pursuant to Section 8(e) of this Article II or any other provision of these By-Laws, the Corporation may require (i) any proposed Stockholder Nominee requested to be included in the Corporation’s proxy materials to furnish any other information (A) that may reasonably be requested by the Corporation to determine whether the Stockholder Nominee would be independent under the Independence Standards (as defined in Section 8(i) of this Article II), (B) that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of such Stockholder Nominee or (C) that may reasonably be requested by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such Stockholder Nominee to be included in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to this Section 8 or to serve as a director of the Corporation, and (ii) any Eligible Stockholder to furnish any other information that may reasonably be requested by the Corporation to verify the Eligible Stockholder’s continuous ownership of the Required Shares for the Minimum Holding Period and through the date of the annual meeting.
(g)	Supporting Statement. The Eligible Stockholder may, at its option, provide to the Clerk of the Corporation, at the time the Nomination Notice is provided, a written statement, not to exceed 500 words, in support of its Stockholder Nominee(s)’ candidacy (a “Supporting Statement”). Only one Supporting Statement may be submitted by an Eligible Stockholder (including any group of stockholders together constituting an Eligible Stockholder) in support of its Stockholder Nominee(s). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section 8, the Corporation may omit from its proxy materials any information or Supporting Statement (or portion thereof) that it, in good faith, believes would violate any applicable law, rule or regulation.
(h)	Correction of Defects; Updates and Supplements. In the event that any information or communications provided by or on behalf of an Eligible Stockholder or a Stockholder Nominee to the Corporation or its stockholders ceases to be true and correct in all material respects or omits to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, such Eligible Stockholder or Stockholder Nominee, as the case may be, shall promptly notify the Clerk of the Corporation of any such defect and of the information that is required to correct any such defect. Without limiting the forgoing, an Eligible Stockholder must provide immediate notice to the Corporation if the Eligible Stockholder ceases to Own any of the Required Shares prior to the date of the annual meeting. For the avoidance of doubt, no notification, update or supplement provided pursuant to this Section 8(h) shall be deemed to cure any defect in any previously provided information or communications or limit the remedies available to the Corporation relating to any such defect (including the right to omit a Stockholder Nominee from its proxy materials pursuant to this Section 8).

(i)	Stockholder Nominee Eligibility. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section 8, the Corporation shall not be required to include in its proxy materials, pursuant to this Section 8, a Stockholder Nominee (i) who would not be an independent director under the rules and listing standards of the United States securities exchanges upon which the capital stock of the Corporation is listed or traded, any applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or any publicly disclosed standards used by the Board of Directors in determining and disclosing the independence of the Corporation’s directors (collectively, the “Independence Standards”), (ii) whose election as a member of the Board of Directors would cause the Corporation to be in violation of these By-Laws, the Articles of Organization, the rules and listing standards of the United States securities exchanges upon which the capital stock of the Corporation is listed or traded, or any applicable law, rule or regulation, (iii) who is or has been, within the past three years, an officer or director of a competitor, as defined in Section 8 of the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, (iv) who is a named subject of a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses) or has been convicted in such a criminal proceeding within the past 10 years, (v) who is subject to any order of the type specified in Rule 506(d) of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or (vi) who shall have provided any information to the Corporation or its stockholders that was untrue in any material respect or that omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading.
(j)	Omission and Removal of Stockholder Nominees. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, if (i) a Stockholder Nominee and/or the applicable Eligible Stockholder breaches any of its representations, agreements or undertakings or fails to comply with any of its obligations under this Section 8 or Section 2 of this Article II, or (ii) a Stockholder Nominee otherwise becomes ineligible for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to this Section 8 or dies, becomes disabled or otherwise becomes ineligible or unavailable for election at the annual meeting, in each case as determined by the Board of Directors or the presiding officer of the annual meeting, then (A) the Corporation may omit or, to the extent feasible, remove the information concerning such Stockholder Nominee and the related Supporting Statement from its proxy materials and otherwise communicate to its stockholders that such Stockholder Nominee will not be eligible for election at the annual meeting and, (B) the Corporation shall not be required to include in its proxy materials any successor or replacement nominee proposed by the applicable Eligible Stockholder or any other Eligible Stockholder.

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(k)	Restrictions on Re-Nominations. Any Stockholder Nominee who is included in the Corporation’s proxy materials for a particular annual meeting of stockholders but either (i) withdraws from or becomes ineligible or unavailable for election at the annual meeting, or (ii) does not receive at least 10% of the votes cast in favor of such Stockholder Nominee’s election, will be ineligible to be included in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to this Section 8 for the next two annual meetings of stockholders.
(l)	General. This Section 8 provides the exclusive method for a stockholder to include nominees for election to the Board of Directors in the Corporation’s proxy materials.

Section 9.Other Committees. The Board of Directors may, by vote of a majority of the directors then in office, elect from their number other committees and may delegate to any such committee or committees some or all of the powers of the Board of Directors except those powers which by law, by the Articles of Organization, or by these By-Laws they are prohibited from delegating. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine, each committee may make rules for the conduct of its business, but unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors or such rules, its business shall be conducted as nearly as may be in the same manner as is provided by these By-Laws for the conduct of business by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors shall have the power to rescind any vote, resolution, or other action of any committee, provided that the rights of third parties shall not be impaired by such rescission.

Section 10.Regular Meetings. A regular meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held without call or notice immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of the stockholders. Other regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without call or notice at such places and at such times as the Board of Directors may, from time to time, determine, provided that notice of the first regular meeting following any such determination shall be given to absent directors.

Section 11.Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time and at any place designated in the call of the meeting, when called by the Chairman of the Board, the President, or by two or more directors.

Section 12.Notice of the Meetings. It shall be sufficient notice to a director of a meeting of the Board of Directors (i) to send notice by mail at least forty-eight (48) hours before the meeting, addressed to such directors at his usual or last known business or residence address, (ii) to send notice by electronic mail (to the electronic mail address designated by such director) at least twenty-four (24) hours before the meeting, or (iii) to give notice to such director in person or by telephone at least twenty-four (24) hours before the meeting. A director may waive any notice before or after the date and time of the meeting. The waiver shall be in writing, signed by the director entitled to the notice, or in the form of an electronic transmission by the director to a representative of the Corporation, and filed with the minutes or corporate records. A director’s attendance at or participation in a meeting waives any required notice to him or her of the meeting unless the director at the beginning of the meeting, or promptly upon his or her arrival, objects to holding the meeting or transacting business at the meeting and does not thereafter vote for or assent to action taken at the meeting. Neither notice of a meeting nor a waiver of a notice need specify the purposes of the meeting.

Section 13.Quorum of Directors. At any meeting of the Board of Directors, a majority of the directors then in office shall constitute a quorum. Any meeting may be adjourned from time to time by a majority of the votes cast upon the question, whether or not a quorum is present, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice.

Section 14.Action by Vote. When a quorum is present at any meeting, a majority of the directors present may take any action, except when a larger vote is required by law, by the Articles of Organization, or by these By-Laws.

Section 15.Action by Written Consent. Unless the Articles of Organization otherwise provide, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all the directors or members of the committee as the case may be, consent to the action. The action must be evidenced by one or more consents describing the action taken, in writing, signed by each director or delivered to the Corporation by electronic transmission, and included in the minutes or filed with the corporate records reflecting the action taken. Such consents shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting.

Section 16.Participation Through Communications Equipment. Unless otherwise provided by law or the Articles of Organization, members of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of such Board or committee, as the case may be, through conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time, and participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting.

Section 17.Compensation of Directors. The Board of Directors may provide for the payment to any of the directors, other than officers or employees of the Corporation, of a specified amount for services as a director or member of a committee of the Board, or of a specified amount for attendance at each regular or special Board or committee meeting or of both, and all directors shall be reimbursed for expenses of attendance at any such meeting; provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.

ARTICLE III

Officers and Agents

Section 1. Enumeration; Qualification. The officers of the Corporation shall be a President, a Treasurer, a Secretary, who may also be referred to in these By-Laws as the Clerk, and such other officers, including, without limitation, a Chairman of the Board, one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Treasurers, and Assistant Clerks as the Board of Directors from time to time may in their discretion elect or appoint. In addition,

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the Corporation shall have such other agents as may be appointed by management in accordance with these By-Laws. The Chairman of the Board shall be a director. The President need not be a director. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.

Section 2.Powers. Subject to law, to the Articles of Organization, and to the other provisions of these By-Laws, each officer shall have, in addition to the duties and powers herein set forth, such duties and powers as are commonly incident to his office and such duties and powers as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.

Section 3.Election. The Chairman of the Board, if any, the President, the Treasurer, and the Clerk shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors at their first meeting following the annual meeting of the stockholders. Other officers, if any, may be elected or appointed by the Board of Directors at said meeting or at any other time.

Section 4.Tenure. Except as otherwise provided by law, by the Articles of Organization, or by these By-Laws, the Chairman of the Board, if any, the President, the Treasurer, and the Clerk shall hold office until the first meeting of the Board of Directors following the next annual meeting of the stockholders and until their respective successors are chosen and qualified, and each other officer shall hold office for such term as may be designated in the vote electing or appointing him, or in each case until such officer sooner dies, resigns, is removed, or becomes disqualified.

Section 5.Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation shall be the Chairman of the Board, the President, or such other officer as may from time to time be designated by the Board of Directors. If no such designation is made, the President shall be the Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, have general charge and supervision of the business of the Corporation and, except as the Board of Directors shall otherwise determine, shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and of the Executive Committee. Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer shall have the authority to appoint such agents, in addition to those officers enumerated in Section 2 of this Article III as being elected or appointed by the Board of Directors, as he shall deem appropriate and to define their respective duties and powers.

Section 6.Chairman of the Board. If a Chairman of the Board of Directors is elected, he shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and shall have the duties and powers specified in these By-Laws and such other duties and powers as may be determined by the Board of Directors.

Section 7.President and Vice Presidents. The President shall have the duties and powers specified in these By-Laws and shall have such other duties and powers as may be determined by the Board of Directors.

The Vice Presidents shall have such duties and powers as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. Unless the Board of Directors otherwise determines, one Vice President shall be designated as the Chief Financial officer of the Corporation and, as such, shall be the chief financial and accounting officer of the Corporation and shall have the duties and powers commonly incident thereto.

Section 8.Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers. The Treasurer shall have general responsibility for the corporate treasury function, shall be in charge of its funds and valuable papers, books of account, and accounting records, and shall have such other duties and powers as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors.

Any Assistant Treasurer shall have such duties and powers as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors or the Treasurer.

Section 9.Clerk and Assistant Clerks. The Clerk shall record all proceedings of the stockholders and Board of Directors in a book or series of books to be kept for that purpose, which book or books shall be kept as the principal office of the Corporation and shall be open at all reasonable times to the inspection of any stockholder. In the absence of the Clerk from any meeting of the stockholders or Board of Directors, an Assistant Clerk, or if there be none or he is absent, a temporary clerk chosen at the meeting, shall record the proceedings thereof in the aforesaid book.

Any Assistant Clerks shall have such other duties and powers as shall be designated from time by the Board of Directors or the Clerk.

ARTICLE IV

Capital Stock

Section 1.Stock Certificates. The Board of Directors may authorize the issue without certificates of some or all of the shares of any or all of the Corporation’s classes or series of stock. Except to the extent the Board of Directors has determined to issue shares without certificates, a stockholder shall be entitled to a certificate stating the number and the class and the designation of the series, if any, of the shares held by him, in such form as shall, in conformity to law, be prescribed from time to time by the Board of Directors. Such certificate shall be signed by the President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer. Such signatures may be facsimile if the certificate is signed by a transfer agent, or by a registrar, other than a director, officer, or employee of the Corporation. In case any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed on such certificate shall have ceased to be such officer before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer at the time of its issue.

Every certificate for shares of stock which are subject to any restriction on transfer pursuant to the Articles of Organization, these By-Laws, or any agreement to which the Corporation is a party shall have the existence of the restriction noted conspicuously on the certificate and shall also set forth on the face or back either a summary of the restriction or a statement of the existence of such restriction and a statement that the Corporation will, upon written request, furnish a copy thereof to the holder of such certificate without charge.

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Every certificate issued when the Corporation is authorized to issue more that one class or series of stock shall set forth on its face or back either a summary of the preferences, voting powers, qualifications, and special and relative rights of the shares of each class and series authorized to be issued or a statement of the existence of such preferences, powers, qualifications, and rights and a statement that the Corporation will, upon written request, furnish a copy thereof to the holder of such certificate without charge.

Section 2.Lost Certificates. In the case of the alleged loss, destruction, or mutilation of a certificate of stock, a duplicate certificate may be issued in place thereof, upon such conditions as the Board of Directors may prescribe. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate, the Board may in its discretion require the owner of such lost, destroyed, or mutilated certificate, or his legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond, with or without surety, sufficient in the Board’s opinion to indemnify the Corporation against any loss or claim that may be made against it with request to the certificate alleged to have been lost, destroyed, or mutilated.

Section 3.Transfer of Shares. Subject to the restrictions, if any, stated or noted on the stock certificates, shares of stock may be transferred on the books of the Corporation by the surrender to the Corporation or its transfer agent of the certificate therefor properly endorsed or accompanied by a written assignment and power of attorney properly executed with necessary transfer stamps affixed, and with such proof of the authenticity of signature as the Board of Directors or the transfer agent of the Corporation may reasonably require. Except as may be otherwise required by law, by the Articles of Organization, or by these By-Laws, the Corporation shall be entitled to treat the record holder of stock as shown on its on its books as the owner of such stock for all purposes, including the payment of dividends and the right to receive notice and to vote with respect thereto, regardless of any transfer, pledge, or other disposition of such stock, until the shares have been transferred on the books of the stock, until the shares have been transferred on the books of the Corporation in accordance with the requirements of these By-Laws.

Section 4.Record Date and Closing Transfer Books. The Board of Directors may fix in advance a time, which shall not be more than sixty (60) days before the date of any meeting of stockholders or the date for the payment of any dividend or making of any distribution to stockholders or the last day on which the consent or dissent of stockholders may be effectively expressed for any purpose, as the record date for determining the stockholders having the right to notice of and to vote at such meeting and any adjournment thereof or the right to receive such dividend or distribution or the right to give such consent or dissent, and in such case only stockholders of record on such record date shall have such right, notwithstanding any transfer of stock on the books of the Corporation after the record date; or without fixing such record date the Board of Directors may for any such purposes close the transfer books for all or any part of such period.

If no record date is fixed and the transfer books are not closed, the record date for determining stockholders having the right to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the date next preceding the day on which notice is given, and the record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the date on which the Board of Directors acts with respect thereto.

ARTICLE V

Indemnification

Section 1.Directors and Officers. The Corporation shall indemnify, and advance funds to pay for or reimburse the reasonable expenses incurred by, its directors and the officers that have been appointed by the Board of Directors (including persons who serve at its request as directors, officers, or trustees of another organization in which it has any interest, direct or indirect, as a shareholder, creditor, or otherwise or who serve at its request in any capacity with respect to any employee benefit plan) to the fullest extent permitted by law, and may indemnify, and advance funds to pay for or reimburse the reasonable expenses incurred by, such other employees and agents as are identified by the Board of Directors.

The right of indemnification hereby provided shall not be exclusive of or affect any other rights to which any director or officer may be entitled. As used in this section, the terms “director” and “officer” include their respective heirs, executors, and administrators, an “interested” director or officer is one against whom in such capacity the proceedings in question or another proceeding on the same or similar grounds is then pending or threatened, and a “disinterested” director is one against whom no such proceeding is then pending or threatened. Nothing contained in this section shall affect any rights to indemnification to which corporate personnel other than directors and officers may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law.

The Board of Directors may authorize the purchase and maintenance of insurance, in such amounts as the Board of Directors may from time to time deem appropriate, on behalf of any person who is or was a director or officer or agent of the Corporation, or who is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, or agent of another organization in which it has any interest, direct or indirect, as a shareholder, creditor, or otherwise, or with respect to any employee benefit plan, against any liability incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not such person is entitled to indemnification by the Corporation pursuant to this Article V or otherwise and whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify him against such liability.

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ARTICLE VI

Miscellaneous

Section 1.Corporate Seal. The seal of the Corporation shall be in such form as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.

Section 2.Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be such period as shall from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors.

Section 3. [Intentionally Omitted]

Section 4.Execution of Documents. Except as the Board of Directors may generally or in specific instances authorize the execution thereof in some other manner, all deeds, leases, transfers, contracts, checks, drafts, and other orders for the payment of money out of the funds of the Corporation, and all bonds, notes, debentures, guarantees, and other obligations or evidences or indebtedness of the Corporation shall be executed by the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice President, or the Treasurer.

Section 5.Voting of Securities. Except as the Board of Directors may generally or in specific instances direct otherwise, the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice President, or the Treasurer shall have the power, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to waive notice of, appoint any person or persons to act as proxy or attorney-in-fact of the Corporation (with or without power of substitution) to vote at, or attend and act for the Corporation at, any meeting of holders of shares or other securities of any other organization of which the Corporation holds shares or securities.

Section 6.Appointment of Auditor. The Board of Directors, or a committee thereof, shall each year select independent public accountants to report to the stockholders on the financial statements of the Corporation for such year. The selection of such accountants shall be presented to the stockholders for their approval at the annual meeting each year; provided, however, that if the shareholders shall not approve the selection made by the Board, the Board shall appoint other independent public accountants for such year.

ARTICLE VII

Amendments

Except as provided in the second paragraph of this Article VII, theseThese By-Laws may be altered, amended, or repealed, and new By-Laws not inconsistent with any provision of the Articles of organization or applicable statute may be made either by the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders called for the purpose, or (except with respect to any provision hereof which by law, the Articles of Organization, or these By-Laws requires action by the stockholders) by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors then in office. Not later that the time of giving notice of the meeting of stockholders next following the making, amending, or repealing by the Board of Directors of any By-Law, notice thereof stating the substance of such change shall be given to all stockholders entitled to vote on amending the By-Laws. Any By-Law made, amended, or repealed by the Board of Directors may be altered, amended, repealed, or reinstated by the stockholders.

Notwithstanding anything contained in these By-Laws to the contrary, the affirmative vote of the holders of 80% of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required to alter, amend, adopt any provision inconsistent with, or repeal any provision of Section 1, 2, 3, or 4 of Article II of these By-Laws or this Article VII.

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Appendix C

Amended and Restated 2013 Stock and Option Plan

1.	DEFINITIONS

Unless otherwise specified or unless the context otherwise requires, the following terms, as used in this Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Amended and Restated 2013 Stock and Option Plan, have the following meanings:

Accounting Rules means Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, or any successor provision.

Administrator means the Board of Directors and/or a committee of the Board of Directors to which the Board of Directors has delegated power to act on its behalf in administering this Plan in whole or in part.

Affiliate means a corporation that, for purposes of Section 424 of the Code, is a parent or subsidiary of the Company, direct or indirect.

Board of Directors means the Board of Directors of the Company.

Code means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

Common Stock means shares of the Company’s common stock, $.01 par value.

Company means Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, a Massachusetts corporation.

Employee means an employee of the Company or of an Affiliate (including, without limitation, an employee who is also serving as an officer or director of the Company or of an Affiliate), who is designated by the Administrator to be eligible to be granted one or more Stock Rights under the Plan.

Exchange Act means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on a particular date shall be the mean between the highest and lowest quoted selling prices on such date (the “valuation date”) on the securities market where the Common Stock is traded, or if there were no sales on the valuation date, on the next preceding date within a reasonable period (as determined in the sole discretion of the Administrator) on which there were sales. If there were no sales in such a market within a reasonable period, the Fair Market Value shall be as determined in good faith by the Administrator in its sole discretion. The Fair Market Value as determined in this paragraph shall be rounded down to the next lower whole cent if the foregoing calculation results in fractional cents.

Full Value Award means any Stock Grant or Stock-Based Award other than Options and Stock Appreciation Rights.

ISO means an option entitling the holder to acquire Shares upon payment of the exercise price that is intended to qualify as an incentive stock option under Section 422 of the Code.

Non-Employee Director means a member of the Board of Directors who is not an employee of the Company or any Affiliate.

Non-Qualified Option means an option entitling the holder to acquire Shares upon payment of the exercise price that is not an ISO.

Option means an ISO or Non-Qualified Option.

Participant means an Employee, Non-Employee Director, consultant or advisor of the Company or an Affiliate to whom one or more Stock Rights are granted under the Plan. As used herein, “Participant” shall include “Participant’s Survivors” and a Participant’s permitted transferees where the context requires.

Participant’s Survivors means a deceased Participant’s legal representatives and/or any person or persons who acquires the Participant’s rights to a Stock Right by will or by the laws of descent and distribution.

Plan means this Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Amended and Restated 2013 Stock and Option Plan, as amended from time to time.

Restricted Stock Units means an unfunded and unsecured promise, denominated in shares of Common Stock, to deliver Common Stock or cash measured by the value of Common Stock in the future, subject to the satisfaction of specified performance or other vesting conditions.

Shares means shares of the Common Stock as to which Stock Rights have been or may be granted under the Plan or any shares of capital stock into which the Shares are changed or for which they are exchanged within the provisions of the Plan.

Stock Agreement means an agreement between the Company and a Participant delivered pursuant to the Plan with respect to a Stock Right, in such form as the Administrator shall approve.

Stock Appreciation Right means a right entitling the holder upon exercise to receive an amount (payable in cash or in shares of Common Stock of equivalent value) equal to the excess of the Fair Market Value of the shares of Common Stock subject to the right over the base value (i.e., the exercise price) from which appreciation under the Stock Appreciation Right is to be measured.

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Stock-Based Award means Restricted Stock Units, Stock Appreciation Rights or any other grant by the Company under the Plan of an equity award, equity-based award or other award that is convertible into Common Stock that is not an Option or Stock Grant.

Stock Grant means a grant by the Company of Shares under the Plan that may or may not be subject to restrictions requiring that the Shares underlying the Stock Grant be redelivered or offered for sale to the Company if specified service or performance-based conditions are not satisfied.

Stock Right means an Option (including an ISO or a Non-Qualified Stock Option), Stock Grant, or Stock-Based Award.

Substitute Stock Rights means Stock Rights issued under the Plan in substitution for equity awards of an acquired company that are converted, replaced or adjusted in connection with the acquisition.

Termination of Service means that a Participant ceases to be an Employee, Non-Employee Director, consultant or advisor with the Company and its Affiliates (for any reason other than death). A change in a Participant’s form of service (e.g., from Employee to Non-Employee Director, consultant or advisor) shall not be a Termination of Service hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in construing the provisions applicable to any Stock Right relating to the payment of “nonqualified deferred compensation” (subject to Section 409A of the Code) upon a termination or cessation of employment or service, references to termination or cessation of employment or service, separation from service, retirement or similar or correlative terms will be construed to require a “separation from service” (as that term is defined in Section 1.409A-1(h) of the Treasury Regulations, after giving effect to the presumptions contained therein) from the Company and from all other corporations and trades or businesses, if any, that would be treated as a single “service recipient” with the Company under Section 1.409A-1(h)(3) of the Treasury Regulations.

2.	PURPOSES OF THE PLAN

The Plan is intended to encourage ownership of Shares by Employees, Non-Employee Directors and certain consultants and advisors to the Company in order to attract such persons, to induce them to work for the benefit of the Company or of an Affiliate and to provide additional incentive for them to promote the success of the Company or of an Affiliate. The Plan provides for the granting of Stock Rights to Employees, Non-Employee Directors, consultants and advisors of the Company.

3.	SHARES SUBJECT TO THE PLAN

The number of Shares subject to this Plan as to which Stock Rights may be granted from time to time shall be equal to the sum of:

a.	35,875,861 shares of Common Stock; and
b.	the number of shares subject to awards granted under the Company’s Amended and Restated 2006 Stock and Option Plan (the “2006 Plan”) which expire, terminate or are otherwise surrendered, cancelled, forfeited or repurchased by the Company at their original issuance price pursuant to a contractual repurchase right (subject, however, in the case of ISOs, to any limitations under the Code),

or the equivalent of such number of Shares after the Administrator, in its sole discretion, has interpreted the effect of any stock split, stock dividend, combination, recapitalization or similar transaction in accordance with Section 17 of this Plan. Subject to Section 17 of this Plan, and the provisions of the second paragraph of this Section 3, the number of Shares remaining subject to this Plan shall be reduced by (i) one Share for each Share subject to a Stock Right granted under this Plan that is not a Full Value Award and (ii) 1.66 Shares for each Share (each, a “Full-Value Award Share”) subject to a Stock Right granted under this Plan that is a Full Value Award.

If an Option granted hereunder ceases to be outstanding, in whole or in part (other than by exercise), or if the Company shall reacquire (at no more than its original issuance price) any Shares issued pursuant to a Stock Grant, or if any Stock Right expires or is forfeited, cancelled or otherwise terminated or results in any Shares not being issued, the unissued Shares that were subject to such Stock Right shall again be available for issuance from time to time pursuant to this Plan;provided, however, that, the following Shares may not again be made available for issuance under the Plan: (i) Shares that are not issued or delivered because they are applied to the payment of the exercise or purchase price of any Stock Right or to satisfy the tax withholding requirements with respect to any Stock Right, (ii) the full number of Shares underlying any Stock Appreciation Right any portion of which is settled in Shares (and not only the number of Shares delivered in settlement of the Stock Right) and (iii) any Shares that have been repurchased by the Company using proceeds directly attributable to the exercise of Options. To the extent that Shares are returned to the Plan pursuant to this Section 3, (i) 1.66 Shares, for each Full Value Award Share granted under this Plan and (ii) one Share for all other Shares (including Shares returned from the 2006 Plan in accordance with clause (b) above), shall again be available for issuance from time to time pursuant to this Plan.

The maximum number of Shares that may be issued in satisfaction of ISOs is 27,875,861 Shares.

The Administrator may grant Substitute Stock Rights under the Plan. To the extent consistent with the requirements of Section 422 of the Code and the regulations thereunder (if applicable) and other applicable legal requirements (including applicable stock exchange requirements), Common Stock issued under Substitute Stock Rights will be in addition to and will not reduce the number of Shares available for Stock Rights under the Plan set forth in this Section 3, but, notwithstanding anything in this Section 3 to the contrary, if any Substitute Stock Right is settled in cash or expires, becomes unexercisable, terminates or is forfeited to or repurchased by the Company without the issuance of Common Stock, the Shares previously subject to such Stock Right will not be available for future grants under the Plan. The Administrator will determine the extent to which the terms and conditions of the Plan apply to Substitute Stock Rights, if at all, provided, however, that Substitute Stock Rights will not be subject to the last sentence of Section 6.1 or the per-Participant annual limits on grants of Stock Rights described in Section 13 below.

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4.	ADMINISTRATION OF THE PLAN

The Administrator shall administer the Plan. Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Administrator is authorized to:

a.	Interpret the provisions of the Plan and of any Stock Right or Stock Agreement and to make all rules and determinations that it deems necessary or desirable for the administration of the Plan;
b.	Determine which Employees, Non-Employee Directors, consultants and advisors of the Company and its Affiliates shall be granted Stock Rights;
c.	Determine the number of Shares and exercise price for which a Stock Right shall be granted;
d.	Specify the terms and conditions upon which a Stock Right or Stock Rights may be granted;
e.	In its discretion, accelerate:

	(i)	the date of exercise of any installment of any Option; or
	(ii)	the date or dates of vesting of Shares, or lapsing of Company repurchase rights with respect to any Shares, under any Stock Rights; and

f.	In its discretion, extend the period during which an Option may be exercised (but not beyond the earlier of the expiration date of the Option and the 10thanniversary of the date the Option was granted);

provided, however, that all such interpretations, rules, determinations, terms and conditions shall be made and prescribed in the context of preserving the tax status under Section 422 of the Code of those Options which are designated as ISOs (unless the holder of any such Option otherwise agrees). Subject to the foregoing, the interpretation and construction by the Administrator of any provisions of the Plan or of any Stock Right granted under it shall be final.

The Administrator may employ attorneys, consultants, accountants or other persons, and the Administrator, the Company and its officers and directors shall be entitled to rely upon the advice, opinions or valuations of such persons. All actions taken and all interpretations and determinations made by the Administrator in good faith shall be final and binding upon the Company, all Participants, and all other interested persons. Neither the Administrator, nor the Company, nor any person acting on behalf of the Administrator or the Company shall be personally liable for any action, determination, or interpretation made in good faith with respect to this Plan or grants hereunder or for any acceleration of income or additional tax (including interest and penalties) asserted by reason of the failure of a Stock Right to satisfy the requirements of Section 422 of the Code, Section 409A of the Code or by reason of Section 4999 of the Code, or otherwise with respect to a Stock Right. Each member of the Administrator shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Company against any cost or expense (including counsel fees) reasonably incurred by him or her or any liability (including any sum paid in settlement of a claim with the approval of the Company) arising out of any act or omission to act in connection with this Plan unless arising out of such member’s own fraud or bad faith. Such indemnification shall be in addition to any rights of indemnification the members of the Administrator may have as directors or otherwise under the by-laws of the Company, or any agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise.

5.	ELIGIBILITY FOR PARTICIPATION

The Administrator shall, in its sole discretion, select the individuals to be the Participants in the Plan;provided, however, that each Participant must be an Employee, Non-Employee Director, consultant or advisor of the Company or of an Affiliate at the time a Stock Right is granted. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Administrator may authorize the grant of a Stock Right to a person not then an Employee, Non-Employee Director, consultant or advisor of the Company or of an Affiliate;provided, however, that the actual grant of such Stock Right shall not be effective until such person becomes eligible to be a Participant. ISOs may be granted only to Employees. The granting of any Stock Right to any individual shall neither entitle that individual to, nor disqualify him or her from, participation in other grants of Stock Rights.

6.	TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF OPTIONS

6.1General. Each Option shall be set forth in writing in a Stock Agreement, duly executed by the Company and, to the extent required by law or requested by the Company, by the Participant. The Administrator may provide that Options be granted subject to such terms and conditions, consistent with the terms and conditions specifically required under this Plan, as the Administrator may deem appropriate including, without limitation, subsequent approval by the shareholders of the Company of this Plan or any amendments thereto. Each Stock Agreement shall state the exercise price (per share) of the Shares covered by each Option, the number of Shares to which it pertains, the date or dates on which it first is exercisable and the date after which it may no longer be exercised (subject to Sections 11 and 12 of this Plan). Options may vest or become exercisable in installments over a period of time, or upon the achievement of certain conditions or the attainment of stated goals or events. The exercise price per share of Shares covered by an Option (including both ISOs and Non-Qualified Options) shall not be less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value per share of the Common Stock on the date of grant.

6.2ISOs. Each Option intended to be an ISO shall be issued only to an Employee. In addition to the provisions set forth in Section 6.1, ISOs shall be subject to the following terms and conditions, with such additional restrictions or changes as the Administrator determines are appropriate but not in conflict with Section 422 of the Code and relevant regulations and rulings of the Internal Revenue Service:

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6.2.1ISO Exercise Price. In addition to the limitation set forth in Section 6.1, the exercise price per share of the Shares covered by each ISO granted to a Participant who owns, directly or by reason of the applicable attribution rules in Section 424(d) of the Code, more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or an Affiliate shall not be less than one hundred ten percent (110%) of the Fair Market Value on the date of grant.

6.2.2Term of ISO. Each ISO shall expire not more than ten (10) years from the date of grant;provided, however, that an ISO granted to a Participant who owns, directly or by reason of the applicable attribution rules in Section 424(d) of the Code, more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or an Affiliate shall expire not more than five (5) years from the date of grant.

6.2.3Annual Limit on Incentive Stock Options. To the extent required for “incentive stock option” treatment under Section 422 of the Code, the aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the time of grant) of the Shares with respect to which ISOs granted under this Plan and any other plan of the Company or its Affiliate become exercisable for the first time by a Participant during any calendar year shall not exceed the aggregate threshold for ISOs established by the Code ($100,000 as of January 1, 2018). To the extent that any Option exceeds this limit, it shall constitute a Non-Qualified Option.

6.3Non-Employee Directors’ Options. Each Non-Employee Director, upon first being elected or appointed to the Board of Directors, shall, in addition to any other Stock Rights as may be determined by the Board of Directors, be granted a Non-Qualified Option to purchase that number of Shares as shall be established for such Option grants from time to time by the Board of Directors. In addition, unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, on June 1 of each year, each Non-Employee Director shall, in addition to any other Stock Rights as may be determined by the Board of Directors, be granted a Non-Qualified Option to purchase that number of Shares as shall be established for such Option grants from time to time by the Board of Directors. If a Non-Employee Director ceases to be any of an Employee, Non-Employee Director, consultant or advisor of the Company, Options granted under this Section 6.3 shall remain exercisable to the extent such Options are exercisable on the date of such Termination of Service, for their full term, and the provisions of Sections 11 and 12 below shall not apply to any such Options.

6.4Term of Options. No Option will be granted with a term in excess of ten (10) years.

7.	TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF STOCK GRANTS

Each Stock Grant shall be set forth in a Stock Agreement, duly executed by the Company and, to the extent required by law or requested by the Company, by the Participant. The Stock Agreement shall be in the form approved by the Administrator, with such changes and modifications to such form as the Administrator, in its discretion, shall approve with respect to any particular Participant or Participants. The Stock Agreement shall contain terms and conditions that the Administrator determines to be appropriate. Each Stock Agreement shall state the number of Shares to which the Stock Grant pertains and the terms of any right of the Company to reacquire the Shares subject to the Stock Grant, including the time and events upon which such rights shall accrue and the purchase price therefor, and any restrictions on the transferability of such Shares.

8.	TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF STOCK-BASED AWARDS

The Administrator shall have the right to grant Stock-Based Awards having such terms and conditions as the Administrator may determine, including, without limitation, the grant of Shares based upon certain conditions, the grant of securities convertible into Shares and the grant of Stock Appreciation Rights or Restricted Stock Units. The principal terms of each Stock-Based Award shall be set forth in a Stock Agreement, duly executed by the Company and, to the extent required by law or requested by the Company, by the Participant. The Stock Agreement shall be in a form approved by the Administrator and shall contain terms and conditions that the Administrator determines to be appropriate. No Stock Appreciation Right will be granted with a term in excess of ten (10) years. The base value (i.e., exercise price) of any Stock Appreciation Right shall not be less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value per share of the Common Stock on the date of grant.

9.	EXERCISE OF OPTIONS AND STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS AND ISSUANCE OF SHARES

Options and Stock Appreciation Rights (or any part or installment thereof) shall be exercised by delivery to the Company, or its designee, of a notice of exercise in any form (which may be electronic) approved by the Company, together, in the case of an Option, with provision for payment of the full purchase price in accordance with this Section for the Shares as to which the Option is being exercised, and upon compliance with any other condition(s) set forth in the Stock Agreement.

Payment of the exercise price for the Shares as to which such Option is being exercised shall be made (a) in cash or by check acceptable to the Administrator, or (b) at the discretion of the Administrator, (i) through delivery of shares of Common Stock not subject to any restriction under any plan and having a Fair Market Value equal as of the date of exercise to the cash exercise price of the Option, (ii) in accordance with a cashless exercise program established with a securities brokerage firm, and approved by the Company, (iii) by any other means (excluding,

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however, delivery of a promissory note of the Participant) that the Administrator determines to be consistent with the purpose of this Plan and applicable law, or (iv) by any combination of the foregoing. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Administrator shall accept only such payment on exercise of an ISO as is permitted by Section 422 of the Code.

Following the exercise of an Option or Stock Appreciation Right, and, in the case of an Option, the payment of the exercise price, in each case in accordance with this Section 9, and the satisfaction of any tax withholding as contemplated by Section 21, the Company shall, as soon as is reasonably practicable, deliver the Shares as to which such Option or Stock Appreciation Right was exercised to the Participant (or to the Participant’s Survivors, as the case may be). It is expressly understood that the Company may delay the delivery of the Shares in order to comply with any law or regulation that requires the Company to take any action with respect to the Shares prior to their issuance. The Shares shall, upon delivery, be fully paid, non-assessable Shares.

10.	ASSIGNABILITY AND TRANSFERABILITY OF STOCK RIGHTS

By its terms, a Stock Right granted to a Participant shall not be transferable by the Participant other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution or pursuant to a domestic relations order as defined by the Code or Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act or the rules thereunder or as approved by the Administrator in its discretion and set forth in the applicable Stock Agreement;provided, however, that the Administrator shall not approve any transfer of a Stock Right for consideration. Except as provided in the preceding sentence or as otherwise permitted under a Stock Agreement, a Stock Right shall be exercisable, during the Participant’s lifetime only by such Participant (or by his or her legal representative) and shall not be assigned, pledged or hypothecated in any way (whether by operation of law or otherwise) and shall not be subject to execution, attachment or similar process. Any attempted transfer, assignment, pledge, hypothecation or other disposition of any Stock Right or of any rights granted thereunder contrary to the provisions of this Plan, or the levy of any attachment or similar process upon a Stock Right, shall be null and void.

11.	EFFECT ON STOCK RIGHTS OF TERMINATION OF SERVICE

11.1 Except as otherwise provided in the applicable Stock Agreement or as otherwise provided in Section 12, all Options and Stock Appreciation Rights held by a Participant, if any, immediately prior to the Participant’s Termination of Service, to the extent then exercisable, will remain exercisable for ninety (90) days after the date of the Participant’s Termination of Service, unless otherwise provided in the applicable Stock Agreement, but in no event after the expiration of the term of the Stock Right.

11.2 The provisions of this Section, and not the provisions of Section 12, shall apply to a Participant who subsequently dies after the Termination of Service. In the event of the death of a Participant within ninety (90) days after the Participant’s Termination of Service, all Options and Stock Appreciation Rights held by the Participant, if any, immediately prior to such death, to the extent then exercisable, will remain exercisable for one (1) year after the date of the Participant’s death, but in no event after the expiration of the term of the Stock Right.

11.3 Absence from work with the Company or an Affiliate because of temporary disability or a leave of absence for any purpose, shall not, during the period of any such absence in accordance with Company policies, be deemed, by virtue of such absence alone, a Termination of Service, except as the Administrator may otherwise expressly provide or except as otherwise provided by law.

11.4 Except as required by law or as set forth in a Participant’s Stock Agreement and, in the case of any Stock Right that constitutes “non-qualified deferred compensation” subject to Section 409A of the Code, only to the extent consistent with Section 409A of the Code, Stock Rights granted under the Plan shall not be affected by any change of a Participant’s status within or among the Company and any Affiliates, so long as the Participant continues to be an Employee, Non-Employee Director, consultant or advisor of the Company or any Affiliate.

12.	EFFECT ON STOCK RIGHTS OF DEATH WHILE AN EMPLOYEE, DIRECTOR, CONSULTANT OR ADVISOR

Except as otherwise provided in a Participant’s Stock Agreement, in the event of the death of a Participant while the Participant is an Employee, Non-Employee Director, consultant or advisor of the Company or of an Affiliate, (i) vesting of all unvested Shares subject to outstanding Stock Rights shall be accelerated and (ii) all Options and Stock Appreciation Rights held by the Participant, if any, immediately prior to such death, to the extent then exercisable, will remain exercisable for a period of one (1) year after the date of death of the Participant but in no event after the date of expiration of the term of the Stock Right.

13.	ANNUAL LIMITS ON STOCK RIGHTS; PERFORMANCE AWARDS

13.1Annual Limits. Notwithstanding anything in this Plan to the contrary, no Participant shall be granted Stock Rights under this Plan in any calendar year for more than an aggregate of 1,000,000 Shares (subject to adjustment pursuant to Section 17 to the extent consistent with Section 162(m) of the Code). For purposes of the foregoing limitation, each Share subject to a Stock Right shall be counted as one Share of

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Common Stock (including each Share subject to a Full-Value Award). To the extent applicable, the foregoing provisions will be construed in a manner consistent with Section 162(m) of the Code, including, without limitation, where applicable, the rules under Section 162(m) of the Code pertaining to permissible deferrals of exempt awards.

13.2Performance Awards. Stock Grants and Stock-Based Awards may be made subject to the achievement of performance goals pursuant to this Section 13.2 (“Performance Awards”). Grants of Performance Awards intended to qualify as “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code (“Performance-Based Compensation”) shall be made only by a “Committee” comprised solely of two or more directors eligible to serve on a committee making awards intended to qualify as “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code. For any Performance Award that is intended to qualify as Performance-Based Compensation, the Committee shall specify that the degree of granting, vesting and/or payout of the Performance Award shall be based on the relative or absolute attainment of one or any combination of the following objective performance measures: (i) revenue targets or revenue growth targets, (ii) achievement of specified milestones in the discovery, development or regulatory approval of one or more of the Company’s drug candidates, (iii) achievement of specified milestones in the commercialization of one or more of the Company’s products, (iv) achievement of specified milestones in the manufacturing of one or more of the Company’s products, (v) cost reduction or other expense control targets, (vi) personal management objectives, (vii) stock price targets (including, but not limited to, growth measures), (viii) total shareholder return, (ix) income per share, (x) operating efficiency measures, (xi) operating margin, (xii) gross margin, (xiii) return measures (including, but not limited to, return on assets, capital, equity or sales), (xiv) net or total revenue levels, (xv) productivity ratios, (xvi) operating income, (xvii) net operating profit, (xviii) net earnings or net income (before or after taxes), (xix) cash flow (including, but not limited to, operating cash flow, free cash flow and cash flow return on capital), (xx) earnings or operating income before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and/or stock-based compensation expense, (xxi) mergers, acquisitions or divestitures objectives, (xxii) market share, (xxiii) customer satisfaction, (xxiv) working capital targets, (xxv) budget objectives and (xxvi) achievement of other balance sheet or statement of operations objectives.

Each objective performance measure that is a financial measure may be determined pursuant to generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) or on a non-GAAP basis, as determined by the Committee. Such objective performance measures may reflect absolute entity or business unit performance or a relative comparison to the performance of a peer group of entities, an index or indices or other external measure of the selected performance criteria and may be absolute in their terms or measured against or in relationship to other companies comparably, similarly or otherwise situated. The objective performance measures and any targets with respect thereto need not be based on an increase, a positive or improved result or the avoidance of loss.

The Committee may specify that such performance measures shall be adjusted to exclude or provide for appropriate adjustment for one or more of the following items: (A) asset impairments or write-downs; (B) litigation and governmental investigation expenses and judgments, verdicts or claim settlements; (C) the effect of changes in tax law, accounting principles or other laws, regulations or provisions affecting reported results; (D) the effect of exchange rates for non-U.S. dollar denominated net sales or goals based on operating profit, earnings or income; (E) accruals for reorganization and restructuring programs; (F) any non-GAAP adjustments as described in the Company’s earnings releases or in the management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations appearing in the Company’s periodic reports; (G) items of income, gain, loss or expense attributable to the operations of any business acquired by the Company or any parent or subsidiary or of any joint venture established by the Company or any parent or subsidiary; (H) costs and expenses incurred in connection with mergers and acquisitions; (I) items of income, gain, loss or expense attributable to one or more business operations divested by the Company or any parent or subsidiary or the gain or loss realized upon the sale of any such divested business or the assets thereof; or (J) the effect of any change in the outstanding shares of Common Stock effected by reason of a stock split, stock dividend, stock repurchase, reorganization, recapitalization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, combination or exchange of shares or other similar corporate change or any distributions to the Company’s shareholders other than regular cash dividends.

Such performance measures: (1) may vary by Participant and may be different for different Stock Rights; (2) may be particular to a Participant or the department, branch, line of business, subsidiary or other unit in which a Participant works and may cover such performance period as may be specified by the Committee; and (3) shall be set by the Committee within the time period prescribed by, and shall otherwise comply with the requirements of, Section 162(m) of the Code.

With respect to any Performance Award that is intended to qualify as Performance-Based Compensation, the Committee may adjust downwards, but not upwards, the number of shares payable pursuant to such Performance Award, and the Committee may not waive the achievement of the applicable performance measures except in the case of the death or disability of the Participant or a change in control of the Company or as otherwise determined by the Committee.

The Committee shall have the power to impose such other restrictions on Performance Awards as it may deem necessary or appropriate to ensure that such Performance Awards satisfy all requirements for Performance-Based Compensation. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan, except as otherwise determined by the Administrator or as permitted by Internal Revenue Service guidance, the provisions of this 13.2 that relate to Performance-Based Compensation shall not apply to Stock Rights granted on or after May 17, 2018 (the “Amendment Date”),provided,however, that the terms of this Section 13.2 and the terms of the Plan, as in effect on November 2, 2017, which were those same terms in effect as of immediately prior to the Amendment Date, shall continue to govern the terms of any Performance Awards and Stock Options granted prior to the Amendment Date. It is the intent of the Company that the amendment and restatement of the Plan on the Amendment Date not constitute a “material modification” of the Plan or Stock Rights granted under it prior to the Amendment Date within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code (and any Internal Revenue Service guidance issued thereunder) and the Plan shall be interpreted in accordance with the foregoing intent. In furtherance of the foregoing, the terms of the Plan, as amended and restated as of the Amendment Date, shall only apply to Stock Rights granted after the Amendment Date. Other than with respect to the second sentence of this paragraph,

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references to “Section 162(m) of the Code” in this Section 13 shall refer to Section 162(m) of the Code as in effect prior to December 22, 2017, including the regulations thereunder and other applicable Internal Revenue Service guidance, whether promulgated or issued before or after December 22, 2017.

14.	RIGHTS AS A SHAREHOLDER

No Participant to whom a Stock Right (other than a Stock Grant) has been granted shall have rights as a shareholder with respect to any Shares covered by such Stock Right, except as to Shares actually issued under the Plan.

15.	EMPLOYMENT OR OTHER RELATIONSHIP

Nothing in this Plan or any Stock Agreement shall be deemed to prevent the Company or an Affiliate from terminating the employment, consultancy or director status of a Participant, or to prevent a Participant from terminating his or her own employment, consultancy or director status or to give any Participant a right to be retained in employment or other service by the Company or any Affiliate for any period of time. The loss of existing or potential profit from a Stock Right will not constitute an element of damages in the event of a termination of employment or service for any reason, even if the termination is in violation of an obligation of the Company or any Affiliate.

16.	DISSOLUTION OR LIQUIDATION OF THE COMPANY

Upon the dissolution or liquidation of the Company (other than in connection with a transaction subject to the provisions of Section 17.2), all Stock Rights granted under this Plan which as of such date have not been exercised will terminate and become null and void;provided,however, that if the rights of a Participant or a Participant’s Survivors have not otherwise terminated and expired, the Participant or Participant’s Survivors will have the right immediately prior to such dissolution or liquidation to exercise any Stock Right to the extent that such Stock Right is exercisable as of the date immediately prior to such dissolution or liquidation. Upon the dissolution or liquidation of the Company, any outstanding Stock Rights shall immediately terminate unless otherwise determined by the Administrator or specifically provided in the applicable Stock Agreement.

17.	ADJUSTMENTS

Upon the occurrence of any of the following events, a Participant’s rights with respect to any outstanding Stock Right shall be adjusted as hereinafter provided, unless otherwise specifically provided in the Stock Agreement or in any employment agreement between a Participant and the Company or an Affiliate:

17.1Stock Dividends and Stock Splits. If the shares of Common Stock shall be subdivided or combined into a greater or smaller number of shares or if the Company shall issue any shares of Common Stock as a stock dividend on its outstanding Common Stock, the number of shares of Common Stock subject to or deliverable upon the vesting or exercise of a Stock Right shall be appropriately increased or decreased, and appropriate adjustments shall be made in the purchase or exercise price per Share to reflect such event. The number of Shares subject to the limitation in Section 13.1 shall also be adjusted upon the occurrence of such events.

17.2Consolidations or Mergers. In the event of a consolidation or merger in which the Company is not the surviving corporation or which results in the acquisition of substantially all the Company’s outstanding stock by a single person or entity or by a group of persons and/or entities acting in concert, or in the event of the sale or transfer of substantially all the Company’s assets (any of the foregoing, an “Acquisition”), all then outstanding Stock Rights (excluding any Shares subject to Stock Grants as to which all Company repurchase rights shall have lapsed) shall terminate unless assumed pursuant to clause (i) below; provided that either (i) the Administrator shall provide for the surviving or acquiring entity or an affiliate thereof to assume the outstanding Stock Rights or grant replacement Stock Rights in lieu thereof, any such replacement to be upon an equitable basis as determined by the Administrator, or (ii) if there is no such assumption or substitution, all outstanding Stock Rights shall become immediately and fully exercisable and all Company repurchase rights with respect to Stock Rights shall lapse, in each case immediately prior to the Acquisition, notwithstanding any restrictions or vesting conditions set forth therein.

17.3Recapitalization or Reorganization. In the event of a recapitalization or reorganization of the Company (other than a transaction described in Section 17.2 above) pursuant to which securities of the Company or of another corporation are issued with respect to the outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Participant upon exercising a Stock Right shall be entitled to receive for the purchase price paid upon such exercise the securities he or she would have received if he or she had exercised such Stock Right immediately prior to such recapitalization or reorganization.

17.4Adjustments to Shares, Stock Grants and Stock-Based Awards. Upon the happening of any of the events described in Sections 17.1, 17.2 or 17.3, or other change in the Company’s capital structure that constitutes an equity restructuring within the meaning of the Accounting Rules, the maximum number of Shares specified in Section 3, the number of Shares subject to the limits in Section 13.1, any exercise price per Share of any Stock Right, any outstanding Stock-Based Award and the Shares subject to any Stock Grant, vested or unvested, shall be appropriately adjusted by the Administrator to reflect such events. The Administrator may also make adjustments of the type described above to take

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into account distributions to stockholders other than those provided for in Sections 17.1, 17.2 or 17.3, or any other event, if the Administrator determines that adjustments are appropriate to avoid distortion in the operation of the Plan. The Administrator shall determine the specific adjustments to be made under this Section 17.4. References in the Plan to Shares will be construed to include any stock or securities resulting from an adjustment pursuant to this Section 17.4.

17.5Modification of ISOs. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any adjustments made pursuant to Section 17.1, 17.2 or 17.3 with respect to ISOs shall be made only after the Administrator determines whether such adjustments would constitute a “modification” of such ISOs (as that term is defined in Section 424(h) of the Code) or would cause any adverse tax consequences for the holders of such ISOs. If the Administrator determines that such adjustments made with respect to ISOs would constitute a modification of such ISOs, it may refrain from making such adjustments, unless the holder of an ISO specifically consents in writing to such adjustment be made and such writing indicates that the holder has full knowledge of the consequences of such “modification” on his or her income tax treatment with respect to the ISO.

18.	ISSUANCES OF SECURITIES

Except as expressly provided herein, no issuance by the Company of shares of stock of any class, or securities convertible into shares of stock of any class, shall affect, and no adjustment by reason thereof shall be made with respect to, the number or price of Shares subject to Stock Rights. Except as expressly provided herein, no adjustments shall be made for dividends paid in cash or in property (including without limitation, securities) of the Company.

19.	FRACTIONAL SHARES

No fractional share shall be issued under the Plan and the person exercising any Stock Right shall receive from the Company cash in lieu of any such fractional share equal to the Fair Market Value thereof.

20.	DIVIDEND EQUIVALENTS

The Administrator may provide for the payment of amounts (on terms and subject to conditions established by the Administrator, including providing for the reinvestment of such amounts in the form of additional Stock Rights) in lieu of cash dividends or other cash distributions with respect to Common Stock subject to a Stock Right whether or not the holder of such Stock Right is otherwise entitled to share in the actual dividend or distribution in respect of such Stock Right;provided,however, that notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan (a) any dividends or dividend equivalents relating to a Stock Right (other than an Option or Stock Appreciation Right) that, at the dividend payment date, remains subject to a risk of forfeiture (whether service-based or performance-based) shall be subject to the same risk of forfeiture as applies to the underlying Stock Right and (b) no dividends or dividend equivalents shall be payable with respect to Options or Stock Appreciation Rights unless and until such Options or Stock Appreciation Rights have vested and been exercised in accordance with their terms.

21.	WITHHOLDING

The delivery, vesting and retention of Shares, cash or other property under a Stock Right are conditioned upon full satisfaction by the Participant of all tax withholding requirements with respect to the Stock Right. The Administrator shall prescribe such rules for the withholding of taxes with respect to any Stock Right as it deems necessary. The Administrator may withhold from the Participant’s compensation or require that the Participant advance cash to the Company or an Affiliate the amount of such withholding and may hold back Shares from a Stock Right or permit a Participant to tender previously owned Shares in satisfaction of tax withholding requirements (but not in excess of the maximum withholding amount consistent with the award being subject to equity accounting treatment under the Accounting Rules). For purposes hereof, the Fair Market Value of any shares withheld for purposes of payroll withholding shall be determined in the manner provided in Section 1 above, as of the most recent practicable date prior to the date of grant, vesting, exercise or the date of a Disqualifying Disposition. If the Fair Market Value of the shares withheld is less than the amount of payroll withholdings required, the Participant may be required to advance the difference in cash to the Company or the Affiliate employer.

22.	NOTICE TO COMPANY OF DISQUALIFYING DISPOSITION

Each Employee who receives an ISO must agree to notify the Company in writing immediately after the Employee makes a “Disqualifying Disposition” of any Shares acquired pursuant to the exercise of an ISO. A Disqualifying Disposition is any disposition (as defined in Section 424(c) of the Code) of such Shares before the later of (a) two years from the date the Employee was granted the ISO, or (b) one year after the date the Employee acquired Shares by exercising the ISO. If the Employee has died before such Shares are sold, the notice provisions of this Section 22 shall not apply.

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23.	EFFECTIVE DATE; TERMINATION OF THE PLAN

This Plan was amended and restated by the Board on April 13, 2017 and was further amended and restated by the Board on April 2, 2018, in each case subject to the approval of the Plan by the shareholders of the Company. The Plan, as amended and restated hereby, shall be effective as of the Amendment Date. The Plan will terminate on April 12, 2027. The Plan also may be terminated at an earlier date by vote of the Board of Directors. Termination of this Plan will not affect any Stock Rights granted or Stock Agreements executed prior to the effective date of such termination.

24.	AMENDMENT OF THE PLAN; AMENDMENT OF STOCK RIGHTS

The Plan may be amended by the Board of Directors or the Administrator, including, without limitation, to the extent necessary to qualify any or all outstanding Stock Rights granted under the Plan or Stock Rights to be granted under the Plan for favorable federal income tax treatment (including deferral of taxation upon exercise) as may be afforded incentive stock options under Section 422 of the Code, and to the extent necessary to qualify the shares issuable upon exercise of any outstanding Stock Rights granted, or Stock Rights to be granted, under the Plan for listing on any national securities exchange or quotation in any national automated quotation system of securities dealers. Any amendments to the Plan will be conditioned upon stockholder approval only to the extent, if any, such approval is required by law (including the Code) or applicable stock exchange requirements, as determined by the Administrator. No modification or amendment of the Plan shall adversely and materially affect a Participant’s rights under a Stock Right previously granted to the Participant, without such Participant’s consent.

In its discretion, the Administrator may amend any term or condition of any outstanding Stock Right, provided: (i) such term or condition is not prohibited by the Plan; (ii) if the amendment is materially adverse to the Participant, such amendment shall be made only with the consent of the Participant or the Participant’s Survivors, as the case may be; and (iii) any such amendment of any ISO shall be made only after the Administrator determines whether such amendment would constitute a “modification” of any Stock Right which is an ISO (as that term is defined in Section 424(h) of the Code) or would cause any adverse tax consequences for the holder of such ISO (in which case, the Participant’s or Participant’s Survivors’ consent to such amendment shall be required). Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless such action is approved by the Company’s shareholders, the Company may not (except for adjustments permitted under Section 17 of this Plan) (1) amend any outstanding Option or Stock Appreciation Right granted under the Plan to provide an exercise price per share that is lower than the then-current exercise price per share of such outstanding Option or Stock Appreciation Right; (2) cancel any outstanding Option or Stock Appreciation Right (whether or not granted under the Plan) and grant in substitution therefor new Stock Rights under the Plan covering the same or a different number of shares of Common Stock and having an exercise price per share lower than the then-current exercise price per share of the cancelled option or Stock Appreciation Right; or (3) cancel in exchange for a cash payment any outstanding Option or Stock Appreciation Right with an exercise price per share above the then-current Fair Market Value.

25.	RECOVERY OF COMPENSATION

The Administrator may provide in any case that outstanding Stock Rights (whether or not vested or exercisable) and the proceeds from the exercise or disposition of Stock Rights or Common Stock acquired under Stock Rights will be subject to forfeiture and disgorgement to the Company, with interest and other related earnings, if the Participant to whom the Stock Right was granted violates (i) a non-competition, non-solicitation, confidentiality or other restrictive covenant by which he or she is bound, or (ii) any Company policy applicable to the Participant that provides for forfeiture or disgorgement with respect to incentive compensation that includes Stock Rights under the Plan. In addition, the Administrator may require forfeiture and disgorgement to the Company of outstanding Stock Rights and the proceeds from the exercise or disposition of Stock Rights or Common Stock acquired under Stock Rights, with interest and other related earnings, to the extent required by law or applicable stock exchange listing standards, including, without limitation, Section 10D of the Exchange Act, and any applicable Company policy. Each Participant, by accepting or being deemed to have accepted a Stock Right under the Plan, agrees to cooperate fully with the Administrator, and to cause any and all permitted transferees of the Participant to cooperate fully with the Administrator, to effectuate any forfeiture or disgorgement required hereunder. Neither the Administrator nor the Company nor any other person, other than the Participant and his or her permitted transferees, if any, will be responsible for any adverse tax or other consequences to a Participant or his or her permitted transferees, if any, that may arise in connection with this Section 25.

26.	COMPLIANCE WITH SECTION 409A OF THE CODE

Without limiting the generality of Section 4 hereof, each Stock Right will contain such terms as the Administrator determines and will be construed and administered, such that the Stock Right either qualifies for an exemption from the requirements of Section 409A of the Code or satisfies such requirements.

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Notwithstanding Section 24 hereof or any other provision of this Plan or any Stock Agreement to the contrary, the Administrator may unilaterally amend, modify or terminate the Plan or any outstanding Stock Right, including but not limited to changing the form of the Stock Right, if the Administrator determines that such amendment, modification or termination is necessary or advisable to avoid the imposition of an additional tax, interest or penalty under Section 409A of the Code.

If a Participant is deemed on the date of the Participant’s Termination of Service to be a “specified employee” within the meaning of that term under Section 409A(a)(2)(B) of the Code, then, with regard to any payment that is considered nonqualified deferred compensation under Section 409A of the Code, to the extent applicable, payable on account of a “separation from service”, such payment will be made or provided on the date that is the earlier of (i) the expiration of the six-month period measured from the date of such “separation from service” and (ii) the date of the Participant’s death (the “Delay Period”). Upon the expiration of the Delay Period, all payments delayed pursuant to this Section 26 (whether they would have otherwise been payable in a single lump sum or in installments in the absence of such delay) will be paid on the first business day following the expiration of the Delay Period in a lump sum and any remaining payments due under the Stock Right will be paid in accordance with the normal payment dates specified for them in the applicable Stock Agreement.

For purposes of Section 409A of the Code, each payment made under this Plan will be treated as a separate payment.

With regard to any payment considered to be nonqualified deferred compensation under Section 409A of the Code, to the extent applicable, that is payable upon a change in control of the Company or other similar event, to avoid the imposition of an additional tax, interest or penalty under Section 409A of the Code, no amount will be payable unless such change in control constitutes a “change in control event” within the meaning of Section 1.409A-3(i)(5) of the Treasury Regulations.

27.	AUTHORIZATION OF SUB-PLANS

The Board of Directors may from time to time establish one or more sub-plans under the Plan for purposes of satisfying applicable securities, tax or other laws of various jurisdictions. The Board of Directors shall establish such sub-plans by adopting supplements to the Plan containing (i) such limitations on the Board of Director’s discretion under the Plan as the Board of Directors deems necessary or desirable or (ii) such additional terms and conditions not otherwise inconsistent with the Plan as the Board of Directors shall deem necessary or desirable. All supplements adopted by the Board of Directors shall be deemed to be part of the Plan, but each supplement shall apply only to Participants within the affected jurisdiction and the Company shall not be required to provide copies of any supplement to Participants in any jurisdiction that is not the subject of such supplement.

28.	GOVERNING LAW

This Plan, Stock Rights under the Plan and all claims or disputes arising out of or based upon the Plan or Stock Rights under the Plan or relating to the subject matter hereof or thereof shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts without giving effect to any choice or conflict of laws provision or rule that would cause the application of the domestic substantive laws of any other jurisdiction.

By accepting or being deemed to have accepted a Stock Right under the Plan, each Participant will be deemed to (a) have submitted irrevocably and unconditionally to the jurisdiction of the federal and state courts located within the geographic boundaries of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts for the purpose of any suit, action or other proceeding arising out of or based upon the Plan or any Stock Right; (b) agree not to commence any suit, action or other proceeding arising out of or based upon the Plan or a Stock Right, except in the federal and state courts located within the geographic boundaries of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts; and (c) waive, and agree not to assert, by way of motion as a defense or otherwise, in any such suit, action or proceeding, any claim that he or she is not subject personally to the jurisdiction of the above-named courts that his or her property is exempt or immune from attachment or execution, that the suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum, that the venue of the suit, action or proceeding is improper or that the Plan or a Stock Right or the subject matter thereof may not be enforced in or by such court.

By accepting or being deemed to have accepted a Stock Right under the Plan, to the extent permitted by applicable law, each Participant waives any right to a trial by jury in any action, proceeding or counterclaim concerning any rights under the Plan and any Stock Right, or under any amendment, waiver, consent, instrument, document or other agreement delivered or which in the future may be delivered in connection therewith, and agrees that any such action, proceedings or counterclaim will be tried before a court and not before a jury. By accepting or being deemed to have accepted a Stock Right under the Plan, each Participant certifies that no officer, representative, or attorney of the Company has represented, expressly or otherwise, that the Company would not, in the event of any action, proceeding or counterclaim, seek to enforce the foregoing waivers. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan, nothing herein is to be construed as limiting the ability of the Company and a Participant to agree to submit disputes arising under the terms of the Plan or any Stock Right made hereunder to binding arbitration or as limiting the ability of the Company to require any eligible individual to agree to submit such disputes to binding arbitration as a condition of receiving a Stock Right hereunder.

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Appendix D

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

 

In this proxy, our financial results are provided in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) and using certain non-GAAP financial measures. In particular, we include non-GAAP net income, which excludes (i) stock-based compensation expense, (ii) an adjustment to revenues and related cost of sales to reflect the conclusion of our early access program for ORKAMBI in France, (iii) revenues and expenses related to business development transactions including collaboration agreements, and asset acquisitions (iii) revenues and expenses related to consolidated variable interest entities, including asset impairment charges(iv) gains or losses related to the fair value of our strategic investments, (v) acquisition-related costs and related income tax benefits and the effects of the deconsolidation of a variable interest entity and (iv)(vi) other adjustments. The use ofOur non-GAAP financial results isalso exclude from our provision for or benefit from income taxes the estimated tax impact related to our non-GAAP adjustments to pre-tax income described above. These results are provided as a complement to results provided in accordance with GAAP because management believes certainthese non-GAAP financial measures such as non-GAAP net income, help indicate underlying trends in the company’sour business, are important in comparing current results with prior period results and provide additional information regarding the company’sour financial position. Management also uses these non-GAAP financial measures to establish budgets and operational goals that are communicated internally and externally and to manage the company’sour business and to evaluate itsour performance. The company adjusts,We adjust, where appropriate, for both revenues and expenses in order to reflect the company’sour operations. A reconciliation of GAAP net income to non-GAAP net income is included below.

 

		Twelve Months Ended December 31,
		2017				2016				2015
GAAP net income (loss) attributable to Vertex		$	263,484			$	(112,052	)		$	(556,334	)
Stock-based compensation expense			290,736				237,705				231,025
Concert upfront and transaction expenses			165,057				—				—
Revenues and expenses related to VIEs			14,083				54,850				4,530
Other collaborative and transaction revenue and expenses			(255,747	)			33,000				75,000
Other adjustments			16,947				(2,306	)			(21,570	)
NON-GAAP NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO VERTEX		$	494,560			$	211,197			$	(267,349	)

			2019			2018			2017
		(in thousands)
GAAP net income attributable to Vertex		$	1,176,810		$	2,096,896		$	263,484
Stock-based compensation expense			360,489			325,047			290,736
ORKAMBI adjustment			(140,854)			—			—
Increase in fair value of strategic investments			(197,596	)		(2,558)			—
Increase (decrease) in fair value of contingent consideration			4,459			17,730			(62,560	)
Collaborative revenues and expenses			318,343			116,717			(14,047	)
Acquisition-related costs and other adjustments			45,871			4,563			16,947
Total non-GAAP adjustments to pre-tax income			390,712			461,499			231,076
Estimated income taxes related to non-GAAP adjustments to pre-tax income			(178,578	)		—			—
Benefit from income taxes due to release of valuation allowance			—			(1,499,588	)		—
NON-GAAP NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO VERTEX		$	1,388,944		$	1,058,807		$	494,560

 

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED - 20182020 Proxy Statement     10685

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